Anabolic steroids doping control

Turning to the abuse of anabolic steroids by human competitors, Shackleton et al. (1997) conducted LC-MS analyses of pharmaceutical T esters in human plasma because of the potential applications to doping control, especially if sensitivity could be improved. 

Another reality that anti-doping scientists must face is that some athletes accused of using banned anabolic steroids offer explanations such as the inadvertent consumption of various alleged sources of the substances. To assess the theory that uncastrated boar meat consumption can result in an adverse finding in a doping control urine test, Le Bizec et al. (2000) tested volunteers and detected 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone for about 24 h after intake. The same team identified and quantitated the boar meat 19-norsteroids responsible for this finding (De Wasch et al., 2001). 

Anabolic steroids, which are related in structure and activity to testosterone, are used to improve muscle mass and to accelerate recovery times from exercises. The use of anabolic steroids by athletes during competition and training was forbidden by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Anabolic steroids have been abused not only by humans, but also for sporting purposes such as horse racing.For doping control in sports, urine samples are mostly tested. The most often used anabolic steroids are androgens, such as testosterone. " It is not easy to detect parent compounds except for oxandrolone and testosterone, because the steroids are extensively metabolized. Before derivatization, urine samples are passed through a... 

The side effects of anabolic steroids include acne, testicular atrophy, reduction of sperm, and liver tumors. As we talked about elsewhere (Chap. 7), testosterone like other sex hormone is controlled by two hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FH). LH stimulates the production of testosterone in special cells in the testes. When there is too much testosterone in the blood, the hypothalamus tries to reduce it by decreasing the amount of LH and FH it releases. Normal functioning of the testes for sperm production requires the presence of LH and FH. An individual doped with anabolic steroids may have enough testosterone in most of his body, but the testes are virtually shut down to produce sperms. 

Hampl, R., and Starka, L. Practical aspects of screening of anabolic steroids in doping control with particular accent to nortestosterone radioimmunoassay using mixed antisera. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 11, 933-936. 

There are several examples of analytes relevant for doping controls that were studied in terms of their phase-II-metabolism using ESI-MS (/MS) such as anabolic steroids, 2.5.28,123 128 narcotics, stimulants, ° etc. These studies outlined the fact that the CID behavior of the con-... 

TABLE 6.1 Selected Synthetic Anabolic Steroids and Respective Target Analytes Used in Conunonly Employed Doping Control Procedures"... 

Van Eenoo,P.,Delbeke,F.T. (2006) Metabolism and excretion of anabolic steroids in doping control—New steroids and new insights. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 101,161-178. 

Houtman, C.J., Sterk, S.S., van de Heijning, M.P., et al (2009) Detection of anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in doping control using mammalian reporter gene bioassays. Analytica Chimica Acta, 637,247-258. 

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