Identification Tests Ammonium

Pentahydrate, 257 Ammonium Hydroxide, 26 Ammonium Identification Test, 753 Ammonium Molybdate TS, 850 Ammonium Oxalate TS, 850 Ammonium Phosphate, Dibasic, 27,... 

E.G.C Clark s Isolation and Identification of Drugs (The Pharmaceutical Press, London) specifies a method for making "microtests of a "pedant drop or "microdrop. The sulfuric acid-formaldehyde testing of DMT, to illustrate, yields dull orange with a sensitivity of 1.0 meg. sensitivity, while the ammonium molybdate test yields blue going to green and then yellow with a sensitivity of 0.1 meg. 

Identification A sample responds to the Identification Tests in the monograph for Ferric Ammonium Citrate, Brown. Assay Not less than 14.5% and not more than 16.0% of iron (Fe). 

B. Place 1 drop of the solution from Identification Test A on a filter paper, and evaporate the solvent. Add 1 drop of a saturated solution of o-toluidine in glacial acetic acid, and place the paper over ammonium hydroxide. A green-blue spot develops. 

BP and EP recommend that for the bromide test, a sample solution has to be first acidified with dilute nitric acid, and silver nitrate solution is added to produce a curdled, pale yellow precipitate. This precipitate will dissolve with difficulty when suspended in a solution consisting of 2 ml of water and 1.5 ml of ammonia. Unlike BP and EP, USP employs a silver nitrate test for identification of bromide. In this test, addition of silver nitrate test solution to the solution of rocuronium bromide (1 part of rocuronium bromide in 100 parts of water) will produce a white precipitate which is insoluble in nitric acid and slightly soluble in 6N ammonium hydroxide. 

Identification A 1 20 aqueous solution gives positive tests for Aluminum, for Ammonium, and for Sulfate, Appendix IIIA. Assay Not less than 99.5% and not more than 100.5% of A1NH4(S 04)2 12H20. 

Identification A sample gives positive tests for Ammonium, Appendix IIIA. 

Identification Place a drop of a saturated solution of sample into a micro test tube, and add a drop of a 0.5% solution of ammonium chloride and several milligrams of zinc powder. Cover the mouth of the tube with a disk of filter paper moistened with a solution of 5% p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 20% trichloroacetic acid in hexane. Heat with a small flame for about 1 min. A pink to red-violet stain appears on the paper. 

Group reagent there is no common reagent for the cations of this group. Group reaction cations of the fifth group do not react with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulphide, ammonium sulphide or (in the presence of ammonium salts) with ammonium carbonate. Special reactions or flame tests can be used for their identification. 

VI.16 IDENTIFICATION OF GROUP V CATIONS ON THE SEMIMICRO SCALE Apart from a partial separation of magnesium, it is not possible to separate the Group V cations from one another it is however simple to carry out individual tests for each of them. As we have used ammonia and ammonium salts in the previous separations, we cannot test for ammonium ions in the... 

The main use of TLC in analysis of amoxicillin and its formulated products is as an identity test. A major study [105] using silica gel and silanised silica gel plates with thirty five different mobile phases and iodine vapour detection produced a system, on silanised plates with ammonium acetate/acetone mobile phase, in which amoxicillin was separated from all the other penicillins studied. A slightly modified version of this system was subsequently introduced into the European and British Pharmacopoeia monographs for amoxicillin trihydrate and sodium salt [2]. The British [57,58] and US [9] Pharmacopoeias specify other TLC systems for identification of amoxicillin in formulated products. Simple TLC methods have been developed for identification of several compounds on the WHO essential drugs list, to help combat counterfeiting [106]. For amoxicillin, systems using ethyl acetate/acetic acid/water or acetone/toluene/acetic acid/water with silica gel plates were recommended. 

Metaprolol tartrate tablet testing uses UV and IR spectroscopy for metaprolol ID, TLC for the tartrate ion ID, and HPLC retention time for identification. The IR spectroscopy test is carried out by dissolving approximately 136 mg of finely ground tablets and in 25 mL of water with 4 mL of ammonium hydroxide (1 3). After extraction with chloroform, the organic layer is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated, and placed in a freezer to congeal... 

The counterion for imiprimine hydrochloride, chloride, is identified as part of the active ingredient. To carry out the test, the sample powder is dissolved in alcohol, and 2 N nitric acid is added along with 3 drops of a silver nitrate test solution. A white precipitate of silver chloride is formed, which dissolves upon addition of ammonium hydroxide, confirming the presence of the chloride ion. As chloride identification is used for the testing of the drug substance, it is not required for the formulated product. 

Identification of Amides.—The reaction of primary amides which is of the most importance in their identification, is that which takes place when they are heated with alkalies. If a substance has been found to contain nitrogen, it should first be tested to determine whether it is an amine, a salt of an amine, or an ammonium salt. Amines or ammonia will be set free from their salts when they are treated with a cold solution of sodium hydroxide. If no reaction takes place the substance should be... 

Sodium nitrate, also known as Chile saltpeter and soda niter, has a molecular formula of NaN03 Sodium nitrate is a colorless, odorless, transparent crystal. It oxidizes when exposed to air and is soluble in water. This material explodes at lOOOT, much lower than temperatures encountered in many fires. Sodium lutrate is toxic by ingestion, and has caused cancer in test animals. When used in the curing of fish and meat products, it is restricted to 100 ppm. Sodium nitrate is incompatible with ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts. The four-digit UN identification number is 1498. Sodium nitrate is used as an antidote for cyanide poisoiung and in the curing of fish and meat. 

A larger number of cations, especially the ones placed in the periodic table around the border between the metals and the nonmetals, form amphoteric hydroxide. That is, they form insoluble hydroxides in alkaline environments, which dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide, and this fact is used in the test. To enhance the selectivity of the identification, aluminum s reaction toward sulfide and ammonium ions is tested as well. 

The test identifies the substance to be examined as either a salt of anunonium, NH4+, or as the salt of a volatile (nitrogen) base. At the present only two monographs give reference to ammonium salts and salts of volatile bases. One monograph describes a distillate of bituminous schists (black slate) containing both lower amines and inorganic ammonia. The other is a tertiary amine, which upon hydrolysis yields ammonia. Ammonium is almost identical in size to potassium and therefore has properties that are almost identical to this. Like the alkali metals it forms water-soluble salts with all but a few inorganic anions. A precipitation therefore is not the obvious choice for a method of identification, and consequently the test is based on ammonia s most obvious difference from the alkali metals, its volatility. 

Silicones are produced in the form of resins, oils, greases, and also as rubberlike elastic products. These materials also appear as processing aids in the manufacturing of plastics, as impregnation compounds, coatings, separating materials, mold releases, etc. They can be identified because they contain the element silicon. To test for silicon, mix approximately 30 mg of the sample with 100 mg sodium carbonate and 10 mg sodium peroxide. Heat this in a platinum or nickel crucible over a flame. Dissolve the melt in a few drops of water, boil it, and then add dilute nitric acid until the solution is neutral or slightly acidic. The identification of silicon then follows in the usual way with the addition of a few drops of ammonium molybdate. (See Chapter 4.)... 

Emulsions are extracted with pentane or hexane, which separates the emulsion and, after concentrating the solution, high-temperature GC is used to identify oil and wax. The residue from the organic extraction is dried and extracted with hot water to dissolve oxidizer(s). Testing of the water extract by spot tests or IC identifies ammonium, potassium, nitrate, and perchlorate ions when potassium perchlorate is used for increased sensitivity. Identification of the emulsifying system has potential for further characterization of emulsions. The residue from the water extract is primarily aluminum... 

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