Ammonium cliloride

The best known and most important compound belonging to the ammino-mercurie salts is the so-called fusible precipitate of composition HgCl2.2NH3, diammino-mercuric chloride. It was originally represented as a double salt of dimercuriammonium chloride and ammonium cliloride, Hg2NCl.NH4Cl, but this has been proved to be incorrect, and the addition formula is now accepted as the one which bears out its chemical behaviour. 

Recovery of Ammonia. The filter liquor contains unreacted sodium cliloride and substantially all the ammonia with which the brine was originally saturated. The ammonia may be fixed or free. Fixed ammonia (ammonium cliloride [12125-02-97]) corresponds stoichiometrically to the precipitated sodium bicarbonate. Free ammonia includes salts such as ammonium hydroxide, bicarbonate, and carbonate, and the several possible carbon—ammonia compounds that decompose at moderate temperatures. A sulfide solution may be added to the filter liquor for corrosion protection. The sulfide is distilled for eventual absorption by the brine in the absorber. As the filter liquor enters the distiller, it is preheated by indirect contact with departing gases. The warmed liquor enters the main coke, tile, or bubble cap-filled sections of the distiller where heat decomposes the free ammonium compounds and steam strips the ammonia and carbon dioxide from the solution. 

The ammonium chloride process, developed by Asalii Glass, is a variation of the basic Solvay process (9—11). It requires die use of solid sodium cliloride but obtains higher sodium conversions (+90%) than does the Solvay process. This is especially important in Japan, where salt is imported as a solid. The major difference from the Solvay process is that here the ammonium cliloride produced is crystallized by cooling and dirougk die addition of solid sodium cliloride. The resulting mother liquor is then recycled to dissolve additional sodium cliloride. The ammonium cliloride is removed for use as rice paddy fertilizer. Ammonia makeup is generally supplied by an associated synthesis plant. 

Ammonium Chloride. Most ammonium cliloride [12125-02-9], NH4Q, is used as rice paddy fertilizer small amounts are used in dry cells and as fluxing agents (see Ammonium compounds). 

Pbepaaation.—By heating ammonium nitrate (NH,)NO, = N.,0 - 2 H,0. To obtain a pure product there should he no ammonium cliloride present (as an impurity of the nitrate), and the heat should be applied gradually and not allowed to exceed 250 (482 F.), and the gas formed should be passed through wash-bottles containing sodium hydrate and ferrous sulphate. 

Ferrous ammonium sulfate, 68 Ferrous cliloride, 68 Ferrous ferrite, 69 Ferrous salts, 69 Ferrous sulfate, 69 Fesil Group ASA, 196 Fibrous glass, 69... 

Tetrammino-cupric Chloride, [Cu(NH3)4]CIs.—This is the best known of the cniprammino-clilorides. It is obtained by heating hexammino-cuprie chloride to a temperature of 90° C. in a closed vessel,2 or from the dihydrate by keeping it over a mixture of lime and ammonium chloride. The salt is blue in colour and is immediately decomposed by water. If heated to 140° C. it loses two molecules of ammonia, forming the diannninc [Cu(NH3)2 C12. 

When heated, mercuric amido-chloride decomposes with loss of ammonia and nitrogen, leaving a residue of mercuric cliloride. It does not melt during decomposition, and if boiled with aqueous sodium hydroxide all the nitrogen is eliminated as ammonia. Water hydrolyses it, giving ammonium chloride and oxydimereuriamido-chloride thus ... 

Hbls Process. Chemische Werke Huls AG has developed a process to produce soda ash and hydrocliloiic acid from salt via an amine—solvent system (12). A potential advantage of the Huls process is that, under some market conditions, hydrocliloric acid may be more easily sold than eidier ammonium or calcium cliloride. 

Barium Molybdates.—The normal salt BaMo04 is precipitated -on addition of aqueous barium chloride to a neutral or ammoniacal solution of ammonium molybdate. By fusion of a mixture containing sodium molybdate (2 parts), barium cliloride (6 parts), and sodium chloride (3 parts), barium molybdate may be obtained as a crystalline mass consisting of tetragonal pyramids with a c=l 1-6232, and of density 4-64i8 at 19-5° C. It is practically insoluble in water, 1 part, of the salt dissolving in 17,200 parts of the solvent at 23° C. It is more readily soluble in presence of ammonium nitrate. 

Mercuric chloride, ammonium chloride, hy di o X ylainmoni u in cliloride. 2MeX 0.5HgCI.2NH4C1.2 (NH2OH.HCI). Grigorowitsch, Chem. Zentr., 1906, i. 743. 

In preparing ammonia gas, dry the ammonium chloride by placing it in an evaporating dish or basin, and heating it gently on a piece of wire gauze over a bunsen burner, turned down very low. lix all the cliloride and two-thirds of the lime pour into a flask, and add the remaining lime in a layer on tlie top. 

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