Amine solvents

CH3CH2OHCH3. B.p. 82 C. Manufactured by hydrolysis of propene. Used in the production of acetone (propanone) by oxidation, for the preparation of esters (e.g. the ethanoate used as a solvent), amines (diisopropylamines, etc.), glycerol, hydrogen peroxide. The alcohol is used as an important solvent for many resins, aerosols, anti-freezes. U.S. production 1978 775 000 tonnes. 

Eatty amine oxides are most frequendy prepared from alkyldimethylarnines by reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Aqueous 2-propanol is used as solvent to prepare amine oxides at concentrations of 50—60%. With water only as a solvent, amine oxides can only be prepared at lower concentrations because aqueous solutions are very viscous. Eatty amine oxides are weak cationic surfactants. 

Proton acceptors (protophilic solvents) amines, ethers. 

Bromine, chlorinated solvents, amines, propylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran (THF) can have more or less severe effects at room temperature. Alterations increase when the temperature rises. 

They are attacked by chlorine water, strong oxidizing agents, halogens, certain chlorinated solvents, amines... 

Unsatisfactory against aldehydes, esters, ethers, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, amines, certain alcohols, phenols. .. 

Solvents Polysulfones resist acids at medium concentrations, alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, greases, oils, gasoline, chlorine water They are attacked by aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, ketones, esters, phenols, aldehydes, amines Good to limited resistance against oils, greases, aliphatic hydrocarbons, certain alcohols Unsatisfactory against aldehydes, esters, ethers, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, amines, certain alcohols, phenols. .. 

Because of the different experimental conditions, the solvent/amine pair plays a crucial role in the formation of the iiii stereoisomer. Systematic study of the influence of the nature of the base, the reagent/base ratio, and the nature of the solvent (donating power), was performed with the phosphonatocavitands 12a and 12b (Table 1). The procedure is highly solvent dependent the iiii stereoisomer is the major product obtained in toluene, associated with minor amount of iiio isomer. When the reaction is run in acetone other isomers are predominant (ioio, iioo, oooi) and the iiii stereoisomer is not observed. The use of catalytic amount of this amine (0.2 equiv) [64] did not lead to any extractable compounds, and using eight equivalents of amine to trap all the HCl formed, did not change dramatically the yield and the isomer ratio (entries 5 and 6, Table 1). In the presence of triethylamine the iiii and iiio isomers were formed in 28.5% and 7% yields respectively. 

Mechanistic details are not well understood. It is known that the reaction has been successfully accomplished with a variety of solvents, amines and copper salts. 

The solvent-amine-catalyst mixture was stirred for 1 h before introducing the substrate. 

In 1968, Qriffiths and Hatt established that although dienylketene (282) (generated as the only photochemical product from cyclohexadienone 281) cyclizes thermally to (281), other thermal cyclizations compete, such as the foimaticxi of the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenone (283) or solvent (amines or alcohols) addition product (284).The thermal formadm of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenones (283) from ketenes (282) can be (diotochemically reversed. Thus 2,4-cyclohexadienones (287) can be obtained from 2,S-cyclohexa-dienones (285).The stereospecificity of the thermal ring opening of the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenones to dienylketenes has been established. 

Indoor activities Cooking, tobacco smoking, use of water and solvents (amines aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons aldehydes halocarbons). 

Combinations with Poly (Vinyl Butyrals). Poly(vinyl butyral) resins with a high acetal content are used, like epoxy resins, to plasticize resols. The weight ratio of resols to poly(vinyl butyral) is generally between 95 5 and 70 30. The employed application methods and curing conditions are similar to those used in the resol-epoxy resin systems. The resistance of such paint films to organic solvents, amines. 

It should not be used with strong alkalies, fuming acids, polar solvents, amines, ketones, and esters. When used with strong alkalies, it stress cracks. Refer to Table 2.26 for the compatibility of PVDF with selected corrodents. Reference [1] provides a more detailed listing. 

Paul, H. Nisi, D. and Timm, J. (1994). "Solvent (amine) recycling from the exhaust air of a core shop by means of gas permeation" GIFA-Kongress Giessereitechnik 94. 

A quite new class of catalysts based on early main group metals (Ca, Sr, and K) was recently reported to promote general conversion of conjugated double bond (137). The catalytic reaction is initiated by the formation of a highly reactive metal hydride that adds either to an alkene or to a silane. The regiochemistry for the hydrosilylation of 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) catalyzed by calcium complex can be completely controlled by the polarity of the solvent. Amine borane and phosphine borane complexes were successfully used as effective catalysts for hydrosilylation of organic compounds with internal unsaturated bond (138) that cannot be selectively hydrosilylated in the presence of Pt catalysts. 

Recrystallized samples of monomer I were mixed with various nucleophiles by dissolving them in methanol containing the additive followed by vacuum removal of the solvent. Amines, sodium... 

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