Ammonia preparation

It is not necessary to isolate the di-w-butylaminoethyl bromide hydrobromide. The crude di-w-butylaminoethyl bromide hydrobromide prepared from 405 g. (2.34 moles) of di-w-butylaminoethanol is taken up in 600 cc. of water, and the tarry impurities are removed by extraction with three 200-cc. portions of benzene. About 400 cc. of water is evaporated from this solution, and to it is then added 2.8 1. of alcoholic ammonia prepared from absolute ethyl alcohol the concentration of the alcohol in the reaction mixture should be 90 per cent with respect to water. The yield is 114 g. (28 per cent of the theoretical amount based on 405 g. of the aminoethanol). The over-all yield obtained by the procedure described above is 27 per cent, based on the aminoethanol. 

C. A. Maekay gave 11-1 volts for the ionizing potential of the gas R. A. Morton and R. W. Riding, 11-7 volts and A. T. Waldie, 11 volts. H. Henstock discussed the electronic structure and L. B. Loeb, L. B. Loeb and M. F. Ashley, and H. R. Hasse, the mobilities of ions in gaseous mixtures of air and ammonia. H. M. Goodwin and M. de K. Thompson10 found the dielectric constant of commercial liquid ammonia at —34° to be 21 ammonia prepared from ammonium chloride and lime, 23 and commercial liquid ammonia after dehydration, 22. C. T. Zahn found the dielectric constant, e, to be ... 

Anderson, D.P., C.W.Beard, and R.P.Hanson. 1964. The adverse effects of ammonia on chickens including resistence to infection with Newcastle disease virus. Avian Dis. 8 369—379. Appelman, L.M., W.F.ten Berge, and P.GJ.Reuzel. 1982. Acute inhalation toxicity study of ammonia in rats with variable exposure periods. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 43(9) 662-665. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substancs and Disease Registry). 1990. Toxicological Profile for Ammonia. Prepared by Syracuse Research Corporation, for U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. December. 

Okamura and co-workers (18) have taken air-cured PCS polymer and, through pyrolysis in the presence of ammonia, prepared essentially carbon-free silicon oxynitride fibers (equation 13). However, if the PCS polymer fiber is cured by electron beam radiation (to prevent oxygen addition), the same ammonia pyrolysis conditions provide nearly stoichiometric quantities of silicon nitride fibers (equation 14). 

For the conversion of oleic acid into stearolic acid via the dibromide, Khan and co-workers found that dehydrobromination with sodium amide doubles the yield obtainable by use of ethanolic potassium hydroxide. A suspension of sodium amide in liquid ammonia prepared from 1.87 g. atoms of sodium was stirred under Br2, SNaNHj HCl ... 

According to J. Louis 1 oucar, since cyanamide has to be made from calcium carbide and nitrogen, and the calcium carbide in its turn from lime and a plentiful supply of electrical energy, the ammonia made by this process could not, theoretically, be prodneed as cheaply ns the direct synthetic ammonia prepared by direct union of nitrogen and hydrogen. Foucar (private communication) worked out the costs of manufacture of ammonium sulphate from cyanamide as follows —... 

Use Intermediate in production of nitric acid from ammonia, preparation of nitrosyl carbonyls, bleaching rayon. 

Make an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate by dissolving 10 grams of the salt in 100 cc. of a solution of ammonia prepared by mixing equal volumes of concentrated ammonia (sp. gr. 0.9) and water. When ready to make a test, mix a portion of this solution with an equal volume of a 10 per cent aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The test should be made in the cold. The sodium hydroxide should be added immediately before use on standing or on heating, the mixture so prepared deposits a black explosive precipitate. 

Nitrogen fertilizers contain nitrate (NO3) salts, ammonium (NH4) salts, and other compounds. Plants can absorb nitrogen in the form of nitrate directly, but ammonium salts and ammonia (NH3) must first be converted to nitrates by the action of soil bacteria. The principal raw material of nitrogen fertilizers is ammonia, prepared by the reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen ... 

To study the effect on the electronic spectrum of replacing water as a ligand by ammonia, prepare a 1 M solution of Cu(ll) nitrate in water. Dilute 1 cm of the solution with either water or cone, ammonia make up to 100 cm and record the spectra in a 1 cm cell over the range 400-800 nm. Mix an equal volume of the nitrate solution with cone, ammonia and record the spectrum as above. Calculate the ligand field splitting parameter from the wavelengths of maximum absorption. Comment on your results. 

---