Ammonia polyacrylate

Generally, enzymatic hydrolysis of nitriles to the corresponding acids can either proceed stepwise, which is the case for catalysis by the nitrile hydratase/amidase enzyme system, or in one step in the case of nitrilases. Both systems have been investigated for surface hydrolysis of PAN [10], Complete hydrolysis with either system was monitored by quantification of ammonia and/or polyacrylic acid formed as a consequence of hydrolysis of nitrile groups [70-72], As a result, considerable increases in colour levels (e.g. 156% for commercial nitrilase) were found upon dyeing [72],... 

Solvent dyes are dyes that are soluble in alcohols, chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, or liquid ammonia, and there appears to be considerable promise in dyeing the difficult-to-dye synthetics, polyesters, polyacrylates, and triacetates, from such solutions. 

Polyacrylic thickening agent for pigment printing. Specially developed for fully aqueous systems but may also be used in part emulsion systems. Does not require the addition of ammonia. 

Typical suspending agents for the vinyl acetate polymerization are poly(vinyl alcohol) [particularly a grade represented as approximately 88% hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate)], gum arabic, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, starches, sodium polyacrylate or sodium polymethacrylate, gelatin, and an equimolar copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride neutralized with either sodium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia. Water-insoluble dispersing agents or... 

Formula 16, Formula 17. See Sodium silicate Formula 21 cc. See.Pentasodium triphosphate Formula 47. See Ammonia Formula 249-T. See Citric acid Formula 251. See Polyacrylic acid Formula 644. See Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate... 

Alkylbenzene sulfonate, paraffin sulfonate, secondary alkanesulfonate, soap, ethoxylated alcohol sulfate, alcohol-sulfate, dialkyldiphenylether disulfonate Ethoxylated phenol, ethoxylated alcohol, amine oxide, alkanolamide, alkyl polyglucoside, alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether Phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, silicate, citrate, gluconate, polyacrylate, EDTA-salt, phosphonate Alcohol, alcohol glycol ether, pine oil, rt-limonene Sodium/potassium hydroxide, alkanol-amine, ammonia, magnesium hydroxide Sodium xylenesulfonate, sodium cumene sulfonate, dialkyldiphenylether disulfonate... 

It was therefore to be exacted that the antidpated thermolysis products would not be separable on silica gel using a single solvent system. In all, 4 mobile phases were used for the thermolysis products, which sometimes showed tare fluctuations in polarity (cf. Table 21). As expected, the fatty add components were formed in the TFG of polyvinyl esters (cf. Fig. 24 and Table 21). These can be separated relatively well using acetone-n-butanol-2S%ammonia-water (65 + 20 + 10 + S), at chamber saturation and in a run of 15 cm (cf. Fig. 24 and Table 21). Polyacrylates and polymethacrylates yield the corresponding monomers which can be separated satisfactorily with n-heptane-chloroform (50 + 50) (cf. Figs. 25 and 26). The fairly unpolar binary mixture of n-hexane-toluene (50 + 50) separates the breakdown products of polyvinylcarbazole (cf. Figs. 27 and 28, and Table 21). In contrast, the more polar fission products of polyvinylpyrrolidone need the more polar mobile phase of chloro-form-ethylacetate (70 + 30) to obtain adequate hRf-differences. Reference may be made to Table 21 below for information about detection of the various thermolysis products. 

A multi-method approach was taken by Copeland et al. (2002) for the synthesis of zinc silicate Mn " " phosphors. Prehydrolyzed TEOS, zinc acetate and manganese acetate (2 mol%) were dissolved in ethanol and water. Ammonia solution was added to adjust the pH to greater than 10. In addition, a surfactant (Tween 80) was added to the solution and this was added dropwise to ammonium polyacrylate for obtaining a gel. Purified gels were calcined at 800-1100°C for 2 h. The highest temperature yielded a phase-pure product. 

Figure 3.2 Infrared spectra of chemically treated polymers (a) spectrum of sodium polyacrylate before and after exposure to hydrogen chloride vapour and the heated film of the hydrogen chloride treated acrylate, sodium polyacrylate film, sodium polyacrylate film exposed to HCl vapour, sodium polyacrylate film exposed to HCl vapour and then heated (b) spectra of copolymer of acrylic acid and vinylidene chloride and the film after exposure to ammonia vapour, acrylic acid-vinylidene chloride copolymer film, acrylic acid-vinylidene chloride copolymer film exposed to ammonia vapour. Source Author s own files)...

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