Amines ammonia

Both the hquid and cured 2-cyanoacryhc esters support combustion. These adhesives should not be used near sparks, heat, or open flame, or ia areas of acute fire ha2ard. Highly exothermic polymerization can occur from direct addition of catalytic substances such as water, alcohols, and bases such as amines, ammonia, or caustics, or from contamination with any of the available surface activator solutions. 

The covalent character of mercury compounds and the corresponding abiUty to complex with various organic compounds explains the unusually wide solubihty characteristics. Mercury compounds are soluble in alcohols, ethyl ether, benzene, and other organic solvents. Moreover, small amounts of chemicals such as amines, ammonia (qv), and ammonium acetate can have a profound solubilizing effect (see COORDINATION COMPOUNDS). The solubihty of mercury and a wide variety of mercury salts and complexes in water and aqueous electrolyte solutions has been well outlined (5). 

Silica gel Aldehydes, amines, ammonia, chorophenols, esters, inorganic acid gases, methanol, nitro compounds... 

Alkylthio, arylthio, and thioxo. The thioxo group in pyrimidine-2,4-dithione can be displaced by amines, ammonia, and amine acetates, and this amination is specific for the 4-position in pyrimidines and quinazolines. 2-Substitution fails even when a 5-substituent (cf. 134) sterically prevents reaction of a secondary amine at the 4-position. Acid hydrolysis of pyrimidine-2,4-dithione is selective at the 4-position. 2-Amination of 2-thiobarbituric acid and its /S-methyl derivative has been reported. Under more basic conditions, anionization of thioxo compounds decreases the reactivity 2-thiouracil is less reactive toward hot alkali than is the iS-methyl analog. Hydrazine has been reported to replace (95°, 6 hr, 65% 3deld) the 2-thioxo group in 5-hexyl-6-methyl-2-thiouracil. Ortho and para mercapto- or thio- azines are actually in the thione form. ... 

Certain environments containing nitrate, cyanide, carbonate, amines, ammonia or strong caustic, due to the risk of stress corrosion cracking. Temperature is an important factor in assessment of each cracking environment ... 

NOTE It is important to distinguish between water in steam resulting from partial condensation of steam and that resulting from carryover of entrained BW. Even where steam does not contain measurable carryover from mechanical action, it may still contain volatile amines, ammonia, carbon dioxide, oxygen, sulfur gases, and silica. 

The reaction of diazo compounds with amines is similar to 10-15. The acidity of amines is not great enough for the reaction to proceed without a catalyst, but BF3, which converts the amine to the F3B-NHR2 complex, enables the reaction to take place. Cuprous cyanide can also be used as a catalyst. The most common substrate is diazomethane, in which case this is a method for the methylation of amines. Ammonia has been used as the amine but, as in the case of 10-44, mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are obtained. Primary aliphatic amines give mixtures of secondary and tertiary amines. Secondary amines give successful alkylation. Primary aromatic amines also give the reaction, but diaryl or arylalkyl-amines react very poorly. 

Uson, R., Laguna, A., Vicente, J., Garcia, J. and Bergareche, B. (1979) Preparation of pentahalophenyl p-tolyhsocyanide complexes of gold(l) and their reactions with amines, ammonia and alcohols. 

The irradiation of 5-amino-l,2,4-oxadiazoles 60 in the presence of nucleophilic nitrogen sources (primary amines, ammonia or hydrazine) produced l,2,4-triazolin-5-ones 62, a process which proceeds via cleavage of the N-O bond and addition of the nucleophile to form the intermediate 61 (Scheme 3) <1996JOC8397>. 

Because water-based fluids do not last as long as the more conventional oil-based fluids, careful monitoring of fluids is required. In addition to the standard analyses for pH, dirt and metal fines, dissolved iron, and tramp oil, the introduction of various chemical additives has required the additional monitoring of organic amines, ammonia, rust inhibitors, water hardness, and even nitrosamlnes in some cases. 

The parent compound of all amines, ammonia, has a pyramidal structure with N—H bond lengths of 101.5 pm and H—N—H bond angles of 106.6°. The electronic structure of the ground state may be represented as... 

During the first month of this experiment, it was realized that this reaction is extremely variable. Thus, diverse amines (ammonia, primary and secondary amines, hydrazine derivatives, hydroxylamines) 13, carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones) 14, acid components 15 or their anions (H2O, Na2S203, H2Se, R2NH, RHN-CN, HN3, HNCO, HNCS, RCO2H, RCOSH, ROCO2H, etc.), and the isocyanides could form the a-adducts 16 that rearrange into their products 17 (Scheme 1.5). 

In 1971, Coulson at DuPont reported the first example of an OHA reaction catalyzed by soluble Rh and Ir complexes [5]. Secondary amines such as dimethyl-amine, pyrrolidine and piperidine were effectively added to ethylene, while primary amines, ammonia and heavier olefins were essentially unreactive (see Equation 6.3). IrCl3-3H20 proved to be an equally effective catalyst precursor in these reactions. It is probable that, under the conditions employed in this study, the Rh(III) and Ir(III) salts are reduced to monovalent, electron-rich species such as 3 (see Equation 6.6). 

The pATa values for the amines ammonia, methy-lamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine are 9.2, 10.6, 10.7, and 9.8 respectively. The electron-donating effect of the methyl substituents increases the basic strength of methylamine over ammonia by about 1.4 pATa units, i.e. by a factor of over 25 (10 " = 25.1). However, the introduction of a second methyl substituent has a relatively small effect, and the introduction of a third methyl group, as in trimethylamine, actually reduces the basic strength to nearer that of methylamine. 

The divergent method is illustrated in Fig. 2-22 for the synthesis of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers [Tomalia et al., 1990]. A repetitive sequence of two reactions are used—the Michael addition of an amine to an a,P-unsaturated ester followed by nucleophilic substitution of ester by amine. Ammonia is the starting core molecule. The first step involves reaction of ammonia with excess methyl acrylate (MA) to form LXIII followed by reaction with excess ethylenediamine (EDA) to yield LXIV. LXV is a schematic representation of the dendrimer formed after four more repetitive sequences of MA and EDA. 

Azetidines are often synthesized by reacting 1,3-dihalogenopropanes with an amine (ammonia gives poor yields), or from propane-1,3-diamines where one A-substituent can function as a leaving group. A reaction of the latter type is used to synthesize azetidine from A,A-bis(toluenesul-fonyl)-l,3-diaminopropane in two steps, the last being a reductive A-de-toluenesulfonation, caused by adding sodium to naphthalene in an inert solvent (Scheme 8.5). 

Neutralizing amines—ammonia, morpholine, cyclohexylamine and hydrazine. 

The most common functional templates are those of simple amino compounds 4, amino acids 5, and dipeptides 8 (Scheme 3). The simplest amino templates, the tris(ethylene amine) ammonia types 6, 7, and 9 first used in organic dendrimers, have only just begun to be applied in forming peptide dendrimers. Constrained and usual amino acids and heterocyclic compounds such as porphyrin 13, have also been reported.1691... 

Reaction of 73 and 74 with primary amines, ammonia, or hydrazine at elevated temperature provides access to the corresponding diazepines 75 in good yield (Scheme 11) <2000CCC1109>. 

These coordinatively unsaturated complexes can undergo coordination reactions with compounds having a free electron-pair donor group, particularly pyridine, amines, ammonia, and water. Coordination is associated with a marked hyp-sochromic color change. For example, the unsaturated nickel complex36 is green and its pyridine adduct 37 is violet [74],... 

Ueno et al. (35) have reported similar behavior for styrene. In their work, at 30°C. and a dose rate of 2.42 X 1014 e.v. cc. 1 sec. 1, there was an approximate inverse linear relationship between the rate of polymerization of styrene and the concentration of triethylamine, between 10 6 and 10 4M amine. Ammonia and amines have also been observed to inhibit the polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether (6) and a-methvl-styrene (17). 

What we need is an amine— ammonia in this case—and a diketone. If the two carbonyl groups have a 1,4 relationship we will get a pyrrole out of this reaction. So hexane-2)5-dione reacts with ammonia to give a high yield of 2,5-dimethyl pyrrole. 

Aqueous base hydrolyzes nitriles to carboxylates, plus an amine/ammonia. 

Acid Amides can be produced by acylating ammonia with esters, acid anhydrides, or the acids themselves (above 100 °C) an important product is formamide from methyl formate. Alternatively acid amides can be synthesized by reacting acid halides with ammonia. Catalytic hydrogenation converts the acid amides to primary amines. Ammonia and aldehydes or ketones are the basis for different stable products. With formaldehyde hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine) is obtained with acetaldehyde, ammono acetaldehyde with benzaldehyde, hydrobenzamide with ethylene and propylene oxides, aqueous ammonia reacts to form ethanol- or propanolamine. 

Solids 40.0+-1% Solvent Isopropanol Water Amine Ammonia pH >8... 

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