Amide preparation

Polymerization of castor od, chemical or oxidative, results in higher viscosity or bodied ods that are more usehd in urethane coatings than the untreated castor od (87). Other castor derivatives used to prepare urethanes are amides prepared by reaction of castor od and alkanolamines, amides of ricinoleic acid with long-chain di- and triamines, and butanediol diricinoleate (88,89). 

Amides, prepared by condensation of tryptamine or substituted tryptamines with a large number of aliphatic, homocyclic, aromatic,and heterocyclic acids, have been used in the reaction. In few cases only did ring closure fail. ... 

The conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to 2-cyclohexenone was promoted by catalytic amounts (2-4 mol %) of alkylcopper(I) complexes of the lithium amide prepared from N- (R)-1 -phenylethyl]-2-[(/ )-l-phenylethyliminojcycloheptatrienamine, Li[CuR(CHIRAMT)]52,11. However, 3-substituted cyclohexanones were obtained in very low ee (4-14%). 

Amides prepared from carboxylic acids and ammonia using CDI. Yields refer to reaction of the azolides with ammonia. 

The following amides prepared from 4-(3-nitro-l-pyrazolyl)butanoic acid, CDI, and primary amines represent partial structures of the histamine H2-receptor antagonists roxatidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine [37]... 

Amides prepared from carboxylic acids and primary amines using azolides obtained from acid chloride/imidazolea) or ketene/imidazole systems.b)... 

Amides prepared from secondary amines and acylchloride/imidazole,[391 carboxylic acid/oxalyldiimidazole,[41 ] carboxylic acid/sulfinyldiimidazole[61 ] or isolated imidazo-... 

Amides prepared from carboxylic acids and amines containing other reactive groups (OH, C02H) by using CDI. 

Amides prepared from OH- or NH-containing carboxylic acids and amines by using CDI. 

The following are further examples of amides prepared from carboxylic acids/CDI and primary amines activated by magnesium salts (additional examples are reported in ref. [90]) ... 

Mesitoic acid has been prepared by carbonation of mesityl-magnesium bromide 2-4 by hydrolysis of its amide prepared by condensation of mesitylene with carbamyl chloride under the influence of aluminum chloride 6 by oxidation of isodurene with dilute nitric acid 6-7 by distillation of 2,4,6-trimethylmandelic acid (low yield) 8 by dry distillation of 2,4,6-trimethyIphenyl-glyoxylic acid 9 by oxidation of the latter with potassium permanganate 10 and by treating 2,4,6-trimethylphenylglyoxylic acid with concentrated sulfuric acid in the cold11 or with heating.12... 

The first peptide amides prepared by solid-phase synthesis were obtained by ammonolysis of resin-bound benzyl esters of peptides in solvents containing methanol (Figure 5.16, A). The method was occasionally employed but was not popular because it was inefficient, producing some ester in addition to the amide. A new variant employing gaseous ammonia will likely rekindle this approach (see Section 8.3). During the early developments of solid-phase synthesis, it was known that the... 

The mechanism of the aminolysis and the electronic effects of substituents at C-2 or C-4 on the kinetics of amide bond formation have been studied. In some cases, ring opening with amines occurs with partial isomerization of the exocyclic double bond. However, with more hindered compounds, such as unsaturated oxazolones derived from ketones, ring opening is stereospecific.Ring opening using diamines has also been described. Selected examples of dehydroamino acid amides prepared by aminolysis of unsaturated 5(4//)-oxazolones are shown in Table 7.40 (Fig. 7.51). 

Amides prepared from both enantiomers of 10,10-dimethyl-4-aza-3-thiatricyclor5.2.1.01,5ldecane 3,3-dioxide (bornane-10,2-sultam) can be used in diastereoselective alkylation reactions to give high chemical yields and high diastereomeric ratios of monoalkylation products5,6,10,16-19. 

The bulk of the researches on the amidoAn compounds have been on U and, to a lesser extent, Th. The only examples in the open literature of transuranic amides are on the homoleptic Np and Pu bis(trimethylsilyl)amides, prepared from the appropriate [Anl3(thf)4] and 3Na N(SiMe3)2 in thf this was also the preferred procedure for [U N(SiMe3)2 3]. Pu N(SiMe3)2 3 was cited as a catalyst precursor its molecular structure has been reported recently. 

Table 108 Chromium(rV) Alkoxides and Amides Preparation and Properties...

Oxazolines.1 Hydroxy amides, prepared from p-hydroxy amines and acid chlorides, are converted into 2-oxazolines with the Mitsunobu reagent at 0 — 25° (equation I). 

Nitrogen-rich nitrides are produced by the thermal decomposition of amides prepared by precipitation from liquid ammonia. Examples are CoN from Co(NH2)361 and Ni3N2 from Ni(NH2)2.62 The products are not crystalline. 

Analogous to the use of chiral enoates (see previous section), a, -unsaturated carboxylic amides, prepared from chiral amines, may be utilized in asymmetric 1,4-additions. When Grignard reagents are added to unsaturated amides (21), derived from (-)-ephedrine (20),25 highly optically active fi-sub-stituted alkanoic acids (22 R and R = alkyl or phenyl) are obtained in a variety of cases, after hydrolysis of the initially formed adducts (Scheme 7). This method was used for the synthesis of the antibiotic (-) malyngolide and its stereoisomers.26 Recrystallization of the intermediate (saturated) amide was necess-... 

Synthesis from 1-pyridinio(arenethiocarbonyl)amidates and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate With the aim of preparing fused thiadiazepines, reactions of different l-pyridinio(arenethiocarbonyl)amidates 196 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate 197 (DMAD) were conducted <1997JOC7788>. When an HCC13 solution of the amidates, prepared as described in Scheme 26, and DMAD was heated at 50-60 °C in a water bath for 8-11 h, products 198 were obtained and not the desired thiadiazepine (Scheme 27). 

Isothiazole-3-carboxylic acids are conveniently prepared by oxidation of 3-methylisothiazoles with chromium trioxide in sulfuric acid.112 Permanganate oxidation is less satisfactory, although 3-bromomethylisothiazole has been oxidized to the acid in 47% yield.113 The amides, prepared via the acid chlorides and ammonia, may be dehydrated to the 3-nitriles by phosphorus oxychloride.71... 

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