American Standards for Testing

ASTM (American Standard for Testing and Materials), Standard specification for Substitute Ocean Water. Designation D 1141-75, 1975. 

American Standards for Testing and Materials. 1988. Standard practice for conducting bioconcentration tests with fishes and saltwater bivalve molluscs. E 1022 - 84. Annual Book of ASTM Standards Philadelphia, PA. 

ASTM Standard D4189-95 (2002). Standard test method for silt density index (SDI) of water. The American Standard for Testing Material. 

ID IQ 2D 2D-NMR 2h2o 2Q 3Q 9BEN A1 ABS AC ACM ACN AFM Al-CSM ALMA-i5 Al-m-EPDM AN AO APT ASTM ATR ATR-IR B/S BABA Two-dimensional Single-quantum One-dimensional Deuteron solid-state NMR Deuterated water Double-quantum Triple-quantum 9 borobicyclo [3, 3, 1] nonane Amide 1 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer Accelerator Acrylate rubber Acrylonitrile Atomic Force Microscopy Aluminium salt of chlorosulfonate polyethylene Allyl-rf5 methacrylate Aluminium salt of maleated EPDM Acrylonitrile 1-Allyl oxyoctane Attached Proton Test American Standards for Testing and Materials Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy Attenuated total reflectance-IR spectroscopy Butadiene/styrene Back-to-back... 

Wickwire WT et al., Incorporating spatial data into ecological risk assessments The spatially explicit exposure module (SEEM) for ARAMS, in Landscape Ecology and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Critical Information for Ecological Risk Assessment, Land-Use Management Activities and Biodiversity Enhancement Practices, ASTM STP 1458, Kapustka LA et al., Eds., American Standards for Testing and Materials International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004, 297. 

A variation of a capillary rheometer as the one previously described can be used to determine the melt flow index (MET) of thermoplastic melts. The MFl is the amount of polymer flowing through a capillary of specific dimensions under a given weight and at a given temperature as those are described by international standards, such as the American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 

Several standards and specifications exist for the processing of test samples. The American Standards for Testing Materials (ASTM) probably provide the most comprehensive series... 

The American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has compiled a list of the recommended properties that polyethylene components must meet or exceed if they are to be used in orthopedic devices. This list is summarized in ASTM F648 and D4020-01a. The FDA usually refers to these standards when considering a new UHMWPE for orthopedic implants. A summary of all possible tests, including their ASTM standard numbers, where applicable, is summarized in Table 12.2, and indicates where the individual tests are appropriate for UHMWPE powder, consolidated stock, or irradiated stock. 

This classification adopted by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM) was established for describing and classifying mineral and organo-mineral soils for engineering purposes based on laboratory determination of particle-size distribution, liquid limits and plastic index. The classification is detailed in the ASTM standard D2487 and it is for qualitative application only. 

An alternative is to use a biopolymer. In a similar film application for example, an option would be to use one that is starch-based and derived from corn (PCL, PVA or PLA). These biodegradable films, dependent on thickness, would meet the ASTM standard (American Standard for Testing Materials) and European [EN13432] for composting. However these materials require a controlled microbial environment such as an industrial compost facility before they will degrade. 

Starch mixed with polyethene is also known as biobased (hydrodegradable) material and reaches the American Standards for Testing Materials as well as the European norms for compostability degrading in 60% under 180 days. 

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