American Society for Testing and Materials. See

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials (see reference 290) UL Underwriters Laboratories (see reference 291)... 

American Society for Testing and Materials. See also ASTM. 

Flash Point n (1878) The lowest temperature at which a combustible liquid will give off a flammable vapor that will momentarily burn when exposed to s small flame. The flash point can be determined by the open cup or the closed cup method. The flash point determined by the open cut method is usually somewhat higher than the closed cup method (WrayHA(ed) (1991) Manual for flash point standards and their use. American Society for Testing and Materials). See Flammability. 

Ran Y. Kim, personal communication, 8 April 1981. For additional information, see Ran Y. Kim, On the Off-Axis and Angle-Ply Strength of Composites, in Test Methods and Design Allowables for Fibrous Composites, C. C. Chamis (Editor), Dearborn, Michigan, 2-3 October 1979, ASTM STP 734, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1981, pp. 91-108 (reprinted with permission). 

Standard Test Method for D-C Critical Current Of Composite Superconductors B714-82. For example, see 1983 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 02.03, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA 19103. 

B. K. Harrison, CHETAH 7.2, The ASTM Computer Program for Chemical Thermodynamic and Energy Release Evaluation (also available as NIST Special Database 16) available from American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. See also http //www.chetah.usouthal.edu/. 

Lubricant requirements and specifications. The development of North American classification systems for the SAE began in 1911 on the basis of viscosity alone. In 1947, the API (American Petroleum Institute) developed a performance classification system for engine oils in terms of regular, premium and heavy duty lubricants. By 1952, the API and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) further advanced the system to generally classify engine oils. In 1970, the TRIPARTITE of API, ASTM, and SAE was established to manage a completely new API classification system, see Fig. 2.12 (Haycock, 1993). 

American Society for Testing and Materials t dry mineral-matter-free basis see Box 4.1 mineral-matter-free basis. 

ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials produces the largest single source of standards, consisting of nearly 70 volumes divided by subject matter into 16 sections. The most commonly used ASTM standards in the process industry are available in a compendium, ASTM Standards for Maintenance Repair and Operations Materials in the Chemical Process Industry. ASTM uses letter-number designations to describe its standards. See Figure 2-2. 

ASTM, See American Society for Testing and Materials at. , unit of measure, 60 Atom(s)... 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard E422 provides details for the construction of a single circuit, water-cooled calorimeter probe to measure heat flux [27]. Anderson and Stresino [28], Reed [29], and Fay [30] studied flames impinging on a so-called surface probe. In those studies, two identical, water-cooled copper plates were connected in series and separated by a thermal barrier. A single water-cooling circuit passed across both sections. The flame was traversed from the first to the second section. The water temperature rise through each plate was measured as a function of distance from the flame centerline. The data was inverted to determine the spatial heat flux distribution. See Reed... 

Journals such as Radio chemistry. Radioactivity and Radiochemistry, and the Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry currently are vehicles for publishing radioanalytical chemistry methods. Groups such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the American Public Health Association (APHA) publish standard methods for radiochemistry (see Section 6.5), among other topics. 

The mission of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is to be the foremost developer and provider of voluntary consensus standards, related technical information, and services having internationally recognized quality and applicability that (1) promote public health and safety, (2) contribute to the reliability of materials, products, systems and services, and (3) facilitate national, regional, and international commerce. See website http //www.astm.org. 

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