Heat flux measurements

The heat flux measured during the reaction was integrated. The heat of reaction at - 10°C has thus been calculated as 2.84 kcal/gr-mol "product BrCl". Since for each mole of BrCl 0.5 moles chlorine needed to be condensed and cooled from room temperature, releasing a heat of 2.54 kcal/gr-mol, the heat of reaction from liquid chlorine at the same temperature would be 0.3 kcal/gr-mol "product BrCl". For the degree of dissociation quoted above, i.e. 48 %, the heat of reaction in the liquid phase is obtained as 0.6 kcal/gr-mol, in conformance with the data in (ref. 2). 

Israel, S., J. F. Casterline, and B. Matzner, 1969, Critical Heat Flux Measurements in a 16-Rod Simulation of BWR Fuel Assembly, J. Heat Transfer 97 355, ASME, New York. (5)... 

Lienhard, J. H., V. K. Dhir, and D. M. Riherd, 1973c, Peak Pool Boiling Heat Flux Measurement on Finite Horizontal Flat Plates, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer 95(4) 477-482. (2)... 

Matzner, B., J. E. Casterline, E. O. Moech, and G. A. Wilkhammer, Experimental Critical Heat Flux Measurement Applied to a Boiling Reactor Channel, ASME Paper 66-WA/HT-46, Winter Annual... 

The barrel floats" on the screw, rather than being permanently affixed to the frame of the device itself. This facillitates the measurements of barrel torques and thrusts as a function of operating conditions and the type of polymer being conveyed. Fig. 5.9 schematically details the extruder section of the solids conveying device and the instrumentation location [10]. Dark red arrows indicate force measurements, and light yellow rectangles represent temperature and heat flux measurements. A total of five force devices allowed the measurement of the screw... 

ASTM Cl77, 2004, Standard test method for steady state heat flux measurements and thermal transmission properties by means of the guarded hot plate apparatus. 

ASTM C177-85, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guaxded-Hot-Plate Apparatus , Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. 

Passerat de Silans, A., Monteny, B.A., and Lhomme, J.P. 1997. The correction of soil heat flux measurements to derive an accurate surface energy balance by the Bowen ratio method. I HydroL 188 453 65. 

R.P. Lucht, D. Dunn-Rankin, T. Walter, T. Dreier and S.C. Bopp, Heat Transfer in Engines Comparison of CARS Thermal Boundary Layer Measurements and Heat Flux Measurements, SAE Technical Paper 910722 (1991). 

Baumann has also made heat flux measurements using thermographic phosphors.Wind tunnel models made of three different materials (steel, Macor glass ceramic, and Norcoat 4000 silicone elastomer), all of which had thin coatings of Y202S Eu (0.15%) applied, were monitored during blow-down tests in a hypersonic flow facility. The response time of the measurement system was typically less than 200 msec, and the values of the heat flux measurements obtained with... 

Noel, B.W. Turley, W.D. Tobin, K.W. Remote Temperature and Heat-Flux Measurement Using Thermographic Phosphors Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Report No. LA-CP-91-0182, Apr 1991. 

These topics will be addressed in more detail later. A later section covers heat flux measurement techniques We close the chapter with a discussion of mass transfer analogies that are used in experiments to simulate heat transfer. 

Introduction. Most heat-flux-measuring devices can be placed into one of four categories [110] (1) the thermal resistance type, where measurement of temperature drop gives an indication of the heat flux from Fourier s law (e.g., the sandwich type or circular foil type) ... 

T. E. Diller, Advances in Heat Flux Measurement, Advances in Heat Transfer, 23, pp. 279-367,1993. 

Some examples of heat flux measurements in industrial combustion processes will serve to illustrate the various methods that have been used that are described in some detail in this chapter. Hayes et al. [6] describe heat flux measurements for full-scale burners fired vertically upward along a radiant wall in pilot scale furnaces that simulate ethylene cracking furnaces. A water-cooled heat flux probe was inserted into the... 

Goldstein and Chiang [12], Arai, Matsunami, and Churchill [1], and Okoh and Brown [13] discuss the theory of operation of the heat flux techniques discussed here. Bachmann, Chambers, and Giedt [14] experimentally studied how the installation of heat flux sensors embedded in a surface affects the actual heat transfer in the body. They concluded that proper sensor design can minimize the heat flux measurement errors caused by probe thermal resistance that can disturb the heat... 

Matthews, Harris, and Garcia [82] describe a multihead transpiration radiometer used to make radiative heat flux measurements in a sooty pool fire. The transpi-rafion radiometer [83] uses a transducer to measure the radiation and the transpiration is used to eliminate the effects of convecfion. The multihead version measured radiation from five different directions in the flame and worked successfully in a sooty environment. The main drawback was insensitivity at low flux rates. 

Butler and Webb [90] reported wall radiant heat flux measurements, ranging from 100 to 500 kW/m (30,000 to 160,000 Btu/fh-hr), in an 80 MWe (2.7 x 10 Btu/hr) industrial coal-fired boiler using an ellipsoidal radiometer. Average wall radiant heat fluxes were measured at six elevations in the boiler. In experiments located outdoors at ambient conditions, Hustad, Rokke, and Sonju... 

Hayes, R. R., Brewster, S., Webb, B. W., McQuay, M. Q., and Huber, A. M. "Crown Incident Radiant Heat Flux Measurements in an Industrial, Regenerative, Gas-Fired, Flat-Glass Furnace." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 24 (2001) 35 6. 

Bachmann, R. C., Chambers, J. T., and Giedt, J. T. "Investigation of Surface Heat-Flux Measurements with Calorimeters." ISA Transactions 4 (1965) 143-51. 

Ducharme, M. B., Prim, J., and Tikuisis, P. "Errors in Heat Flux Measurements Due to the Thermal Resistance of Heat Flux Disks." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 2 (1990) 776-84. 

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