American Formulations

Picatinny Arsenal, in association with ATK Thiokol and others, are in the process of developing PAX Series of explosive formulations and also a series of IM melt-cast explosives. They claim that the TM-ness is accomplished by dispensing with TNT completely and using dinitroanisole (2,4-dinitroanisole, DNAN) which is a yellow crystalline substance at room temperature [218, 230] and has a m.p. of 

The formulation, PAX-35, is less sensitive but of comparable performance to Composition (TNT-based melt-cast explosive formulation). Also under development are pressed and cast-cured IM PBXs and important example is PAX-3. BAE Holstan Army Ammunition Plant (HAAP), USA has developed PAX-34 which has the following ingredients 

PAX-34 has been chosen as a possible replacement for the Composition filling as it meets the IM requirements and also can be implemented on standard melt-pour equipment. 

A new insensitive, cast-cured PBX called -135, has been developed in order to meet the requirements of US Navy s Insensitive Munitions Advanced Development Programfor High Explosives (IMAD/HE). PBXIH-135 has enhanced internal blast performance, improved non-vulnerability and penetration survivability characteristics compared with PBXN-109. Thermobaric explosives are required to defeat hard and deeply buried structures. PBXIH-135 thermobaric explosive which not only offers effective blast and thermal effects, but is also extremely insensitive to factors responsible for accidental detonation during transit or storage, may also be used for this purpose. 

France, produced reduced sensitivity RDX (RS-RDX) by the Woolwich synthesis by employing a proprietary recrystallization process. This RS-RDX displayed reduced sensitivity to shock initiation. Subsequently, some other manufacturers also claimed to produce some form of RDX that exhibits reduced sensitivity to shock compared with the conventional RDX produced by the Bachmann process. EURENCO has also developed a process to mass-manufacture a variety of low sensitive Hexogen (RDX), called I-RDX. 

---

Eisenach JC, Hood DD, Curry R (2002) Preliminary efficacy assessment of intrathecal injection of an American formulation of adenosine in humans. Anesthesiology 96 29-34 El Shenawy SM, Abdel-Salam OM, Baiuomy AR, El-Batran S, Arbid MS (2002) Studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nodeeptive effects of melatonin in the rat. Pharmacol Res 46 ... 

Eisenach JC, Hood DD, Curry R. Phase I safety assessment of intrathecal injection of an American formulation of adenosine in humans. Anesthesiology 2002 96(l) 24-8. 

North American formulation North American formulation... 

European unitary formulations would be very similar both in ingredients and filler loads to the above North American formulation. Typical viscosity is 5 to 7 Pa s. 

J G 1994. Extended Electron Distributions Applied to the Molecular Mechanics of Some termolecular Interactions. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design 8 653-668. el A and M Karplus 1972. Calculation of Ground and Excited State Potential Surfaces of anjugated Molecules. 1. Formulation and Parameterisation. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1 5612-5622. 

E. R. Hah and. W. Barry, eds., Biorational Pest Control Agents Formulation and Delivery, ACS Symposium Series No. 595, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1995, 320 pp. 

AH discussion of the post-1965 era must begin with the Restatement (Second) of Torts, Section 402A. The person responsible for this section was Dean William Prosser, who became the reporter for American Law Institute s Restatement (Second) of Torts at a time when change was on the horizon in the field of products HabiUty. His initiative in drafting Section 402A provided the courts with a ready-made formulation for the adoption of strict tort HabiUty. Entitled "Special Liabihty of Seller of Product for Physical Harm to the User or Consumer," Section 402A reads as follows ... 

K. S. Narayanan and R. K. Chaudhuri, ia D. G. Chasia and L. E. Bode, eds., Fmulsifiahle Concentrate Formulationsfor Multiple Mctive Ingredients, Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems, Vol. 11 ASTM STP 1112, American Society of Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 1990. 

Specifications. Tar bulk products are covered by both national specifications and those formulated by the user. For instance, creosote for timber preservation is covered by the American Wood Preserving Association Standards (AWPA) and ASTM D350. 

Benedictine was made in 1510 by Dom Bernardo Vinceki at the abbey in Erecomp, Normandy. It is one of the few Hqueurs that is aged for four years after blending. Benedictine and Brandy (B B) was introduced in 1937 after the discovery that Americans were adding brandy to Benedictine. Chartreuse, first made in 1605, is formulated with over 130 herbs and spices macerated in brandy. 

Paint—Tests for Formulated Products and Applied Coatings" and "Standard Recommended Practices for Testing Polymer Powders ia Powder Coatings," ASTM 3451, 1991 MnnualBook ofMSTM StandardsYo. 06.01, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. 

The formulation of new specifications and the revision or reaffirmation of existing specifications are the responsibiUty of American National Standards Committee MD156 of ANSI for Dental Materials and Devices. This committee coordinates its work closely with Technical Committee 106,... 

The mechanical properties of Watts deposits from normal, purified solutions depend upon the solution formulation, pH, current density and solution temperature. These parameters are deliberately varied in industrial practice in order to select at will particular values of deposit hardness, strength, ductility and internal stress. Solution pH has little effect on deposit properties over the range pH 1 0-5-0, but with further increase to pH 5 -5, hardness, strength and internal stress increase sharply and ductility falls. With the pH held at 3-0, the production of soft, ductile deposits with minimum internal stress is favoured by solution temperatures of 50-60°C and a current density of 3-8 A/dm in a solution with 25% of the nickel ions provided by nickel chloride. Such deposits have a coarse-grained structure, whereas the harder and stronger deposits produced under other conditions have a finer grain size. A comprehensive study of the relationships between plating variables and deposit properties was made by the American Electroplaters Society and the results for Watts and other solutions reported... 

To date there is no diagnostic test specific for rheumatoid arthritis. Revised classification criteria for the diagnosis of RA were formulated by the American College of Rheumatology [1] based on a hospital... 

Table 6 shows a comparison of commercially produced C, 4 LAS samples in a current North American light-duty liquid (LDL) formulation containing more than 20% LAS together with alcohol ether sulfate (AES), amide, and hydrotrope. The highest viscosity is observed with the high 2-phenyl/low DATS sample, whereas the high 2-phenyl/high DATS sample had the lowest viscosity. The DATS provides the dual function of surfactant and hydrotrope. 

Because of its clinical importance and the expected benefits of the drug in liposomal form for cancer treatment, all three American "liposome enterprises" (i.e.. Liposome Technology Inc., Erbamont, LyphoMed/Vestar joint ventures, and the Liposome Company, Inc.) are developing a formulation of liposomal doxorubicin. Clinical studies already show promising results as far as the acute toxicity is concerned (less vomiting, nausea, and hair loss) (Gabizon et al., 1989 Treat et al., 1989),... 

---