American Colloid Company

The aged pillaring reagents were heated to 65 C and 325 bentonite, American Colloid Company, whose major constituent is the layered clay mineral, montmorilIonite, was added. There was always a 5-fold excess of aluminum in solution and the volume of solution per gram of clay was always 45 cc/g or more. The reaction was carried out for 2 hours. The slurry was filtered and the solids washed two times with water, dried, sized, and calcined at 500 C for 2 hours in air. 

Volclay International Amcol Minerals Europe American Colloid Company... 

This research has been supported by the Michigan State University Center for Fundamental Materials Research and, in part, by NSF under grant CHE-92241023 and American Colloid Company. We thank the MSU Composite Materials and Structures Center for the use of the UTS system for mechanical testing. 

Microfine Bentonite, Technical Literature, American Colloid Company. 

A Wyoming Na+-Ca2+-montmorillonite (commercied designation, Volclay SPV 200) was obtained from the American Colloid Company. Impurity quartz was removed by fractionation using conventional sedimentation techniques. The <2 m fraction, which was essentially free from impurities as determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, was used as starting material in all preparations. The cation exchange capacity of the montmorillonite was determined to be 89 meq/lOOg an elemental analysis of the clay is given in Table 2. 

Date from Mooney et al. (1952). Volclay SPV grade, 200 mesh, American Colloid Company. Exchange capacity 83 meq/100 g. desorption isotherm data. 

The largest production of acrylamide is in Japan the United States and Europe also have large production facilities. Some production is carried out in the Eastern Bloc countries, but details concerning quantities or processes are difficult to obtain. The principal producers in North America are The Dow Chemical Company, American Cyanamid Company, and Nalco Chemical Company (internal use) Dow sells only aqueous product and American Cyanamid sells both liquid and solid monomer. In Europe, Cliemisclie Fabrik Stockhausen Cie,. .Allied Colloids, The Dow Chemical Company, and Cyanamid BV are producers Dow and. American Cyanamid are the only suppliers to the merchant market, and crystalline monomer is available from. American Cyanamid. For Japan, producers are Alitsubislii Chemical Industries, Alitsui Toatsu, and Nitto Chemical Industries Company (captive market). Crystals and solutions are available from Alitsui Toatsu and Alitsubislii, whereas only solution monomer is available from Nitto. 

American Colloid Co Fuji Chemical Industries Health Science (USA) Inc Kraft Chemical Co Mutchler Inc Penta Manufacturing Co RT Vanderbilt Company Inc Spectrum Quality Products Inc Whittaker Clark, and Daniels Inc... 

Permissions granted by the following journals and publishers are gratefully acknowledged Academic Press, Inc., Annual Reviews, Inc., Canadian Journal of Research, Chemische Berichte, Die Makromoleku-lare Chemie, India Rubber World, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Interscience Publishers, Inc., Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal of Applied Physics, Journal of Chemical Physics, Journal of the Chemical Society (London), Journal of Colloid Science, Journal of Polymer Science, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Transactions of the Faraday Society, Williams and Wilkins Company, and Zeitschrift fur physikalische Chemie. 

Mitsui Toatsu Chemical, Inc. disclosed a similar process using Raney copper (74) shortly after the discovery at Dow, and BASF came out with a variation of the copper catalyst in 1974 (75). Since 1971 several hundred patents have shown modifications and improvements to this technology, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, and reviews of these processes have been published (76). Nalco Chemical Company has patented a process based essentially on Raney copper catalyst (77) in both slurry and fixed-bed reactors and produces acrylamide monomer mainly for internal uses. Other producers in Europe, besides Dow and American Cyanamid, include Allied Colloids and Stockhausen, who are believed to use processes similar to the Raney copper technology of Mitsui Toatsu, and all have captive uses. Acrylamide is also produced in large quantities in Japan. Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi are the largest producers, and both are believed to use Raney copper catalysts in a fixed bed reactor and to sell into the merchant market. 

We wish to thank the following companies for their generous financial support of the symposium Hewlett-Packard-Genenchem The Upjohn Company EMC Marine Colloids Division Perkin-Elmer Corporation Eldex Laboratories, Inc. and Pharmacia, Inc. Additional financial support was provided by the Divisions of Agricultural and Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. We also greatly appreciate the assistance provided by members of the Electrophoresis Society of America. Finally, we wish to thank Janice Olson and Dorothy Olson for their assistance in preparing the symposium and this book. 

Invaluable support for these meetings was provided by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, Eastman Kodak Company, 3M Specialty Chemicals Division, the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society, Chemical Transport Separations Division of the National Science Foundation, and the Chemistry Division of the Army Research Office. This support was very helpful in assisting with the travel expenses of distinguished scientists from Asia, the middle east, and Europe, and in making it possible for a significant number of graduate students and postdoctoral research associates to attend these meetings. 

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