Marine colloids

Buesseler KO, Bauer JE, Chen RF, Eglinton TI, Gustafsson O, Landing W, Mopper K, Moran SB, Santschi PH, Vernon Clark R, Wells ML (1996) An intercomparison of cross-flow filtration techniques used for sampling marine colloids overview and organic carbon results. Marine Chem 55 1-31 Buffle J, Perret D, Newman M (1992) The use of filtration and ultrafiltration for size fractionation of aquatic particles, colloids, and macromolecules. In Enviroiunental particles. Buffle J, van Leeuwen HP (eds) Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton FL, pl71-230... 

More recently, Wells and Goldberg (1991) report that very small marine colloids (d < 120 nm) are, by at least three order of magnitudes, more abundant. A vertical stratification of these particles was found (very high concentrations in the thermodine and season-dependent in the bottom-waters). This stratification indicates that these very small colloidal particles are reactive. The apparent close association of metals with these colloids suggests that they may play an important part in the transport and fate of trace elements in seawater (Wells and Goldberg,... 

In other applications of the marine colloids use may be made of chitosan, a polyelectrolyte obtained from chitin by deacetylation to provide a positively charged polymer with a controllable charge density. 

PG was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO) for analysis of drug in the release experiments, a small amount of Relabeled PG (R.P.I. Corp., Mount Pleasanton, IL 50 pCi/pmole) was incorporated into the formulations during preparation. Lipids were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO) and were checked for purity by thin layer chromatography. Agarose used in the delivery systems was Seaplaque (FMC Corp., Rockland, ME) and the devices were cast on Gelbond (FMC Corp., Marine Colloids Division, Rockland, ME). 

Wells, M.L. (2002) Marine colloids and trace metals. In Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter (Elansell, D.A., and Carlson, C.A., eds.), pp. 367-397, Academic Press, New York. 

FMC (1991). Marine colloids products balance taste, texture and mouthfeel in reduced fat foods. The Carrageenan People (FMC Corp.) 8. 

In the United States, there are only two producers of citric acid (Pfizer and Bayer s subsidiary, Miles) and of vitamin C (Pfizer and Hoffmann-La Roche) and a single producer of saccharin (PMC, which bought Maumee from Sherwin Williams), sorbates (Monsanto), and carrageenates (FMC since it acquired Marine Colloids). 

Other groups have likewise specialized in particular sectors. The Stein Hall subsidiary of Celanese, taken over by the British-based RTZ Chemicals, now part of Rhone-Poulenc, has focused on guar, while Marine Colloids, a subsidiary of FMC, and Satia, of the Sanofi Elf Bio Industries group, specialized in car-rageenates. There are a great number of industrial applications for gum, and thus gum producers are usually drawn to the food industry because of their know-how in gum. It is seldom that they have chosen to manufacture thickeners because of their experience in foodstuffs. 

Monograph Nr. 1, Carrageenan. FMC Corporation, Marine Colloids Division, 1977, p. 6. 

Hygum Marine colloids Aerosil, colloidal BP, PhEur,... 

Beyond the limitations and assumptions mentioned above, one must ask if the rate constants derived by modeling the size distribution of " Th can be applied equally to all marine colloids, or even to all forms of COM. Guo et al. (1997) found that... 

Chondrus extract E407 Gelcarin-, Genu-, Hygum TP-1 Irish moss extract Marine Colloids SeaSpen PF Viscarin. 

FMC Biopolymer. Technical literature Marine colloids, carrageenan application bulletins, 2004. 

Gelcarin Marine Colloids Protacid Protanal SeaSpen PE Viscarin. 

Tel +1 800 526 3649 Fax +1 215 299 6291 E-mail pharm irrfo fmc.com Web www.fmcbiopolymer.com Trade names Ac-Di-Sol Aquacoat cPD Aquacoat ECD Avicel PH Celphere Gelcarin Marine Colloids Protacid Protanal SeaSpen PF Viscarin . 

The Carrageenan People Introductory Bulletin A-l, FMC Corporation Marine Colloids Division, 1988. 

B. Materials. Agarose was from Marine Colloids, Inc. (REX5468), and used without further purification. A sample of gel was prepared by pressure cooking a 4.8 wt% dispersion of agarose in distilled water for 10 min. Approximately 0.3 ml of the solution was placed in a 8 mm O.D. NMR tube and gelled by cooling. After relaxation measurements on the gel had been performed, the sample was frozen rapidly in liquid nitrogen, thawed and remeasured. 

AcrylAide (PHC Marine Colloids), an olefinic agarose derivative, which permits gels on polyester supports to be dried at 60°C without the use of vacuum. Gel polymerization is usually initiated by ammonium persulphate and N,N,N, N -tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED). Riboflavin can be used for uv-activated polymerization but this reaction is comparatively slow (1 ). Careful control of polymerization conditions is essential for reproducible results. 

Rehydratable gels were obtained from Micro-Map, Inc., Boca Rotan, FL, at both 3 per cent T, 3.5 per cent C and 5 per cent, T 3.5 per cent C. (T refers to the per cent of monomer present, while C is defined as the per cent of cross-linker relative to T. The per cent of the gel is the total of these two values) For comparative studies conventional gels were prepared at the same acrylamide concentration from the same bottle of two times recrystallized acrylamide (Serva). Acrylamide was recrystallized also from chloroform as previously described [2]. These gels were 250 or 375 1 thick and were bonded to silanized glass plates, or covalently bonded to GelBond Pag 7 mil mylar sheets (Marine Colloids, Rockland ME ) using previously published methods 118-191 and were randomized between the two laboratories. Single lots of ampholytes from various manufacturers were used for the comparative studies in each laboratory to eliminate lot variation. 

We wish to thank the following companies for their generous financial support of the symposium Hewlett-Packard-Genenchem The Upjohn Company EMC Marine Colloids Division Perkin-Elmer Corporation Eldex Laboratories, Inc. and Pharmacia, Inc. Additional financial support was provided by the Divisions of Agricultural and Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. We also greatly appreciate the assistance provided by members of the Electrophoresis Society of America. Finally, we wish to thank Janice Olson and Dorothy Olson for their assistance in preparing the symposium and this book. 

Gelloid. [FMC/Marine Colloids] Carrageenan gelling agent... 

Nutri-Mag. [FMC/Marine Colloids] High puri (59.1% Mg) MgO nutritional source of palatable magnesium for animal feed supplemmts, fertilizers. 

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