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Alloxan, Diabetic rats

The possibility that insulin regulates utilization of D-glucose for the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides in the ground substance of connective tissues was explored by Schiller and Dorfman (S3). Incorporation of sodium acetate-C into hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulfate in the skins of alloxan-diabetic rats was found to be approximately one third of that in the skins of either normal or partially fasted animals. These data suggest that synthesis of connective tissue mucopolysaccharides is inhibited in insulin-deficient animals. [Pg.222]

Schiller, S., and Doifman, A., The biosynthesis of mucopolysaccharides in the skin of alloxan-diabetic rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 16, 304-305 (1955). [Pg.232]

Hanasono GK, Witschi H, Plaa GL. 1975. Potentiation ofthe hepatotoxic responses to chemicals in alloxan-diabetic rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 149 903-907. [Pg.212]

A number of reports have established that the activities of both A6 and A5 desaturases, when assayed in vitro under optimal conditions, are deficient in non-neural tissues in both streptozotocin or alloxan diabetic rats as well as in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat strain (Mercuri et al. 1966 Eck et al. 1979 Poisson 1985 Mimouri and Poisson 1990, Ramsammy 1993). Moreover, the rate of conversion of radiolabeled LA, GLA, and DHGLA to AA in the liver of diabetic rats in vivo is markedly reduced and is restored to normal by insulin administration, as is A6 desaturase activity (Eriedman et al. 1966, Poisson 1985, El Boustani et al. 1989). In contrast, in the diabetic kidney, the activity of the elongase required in AA synthesis was not affected, and other enzymes required for fatty acyl Co A formation and subsequent incorporation of acyl groups into glycerophospholipids showed increased activity (Ramsammy et al. 1993). Studies of the impact of diabetes on these enzyme activities in the nerve have not yet been reported. [Pg.243]

Mercuri O, Pelluffo RO, Brenner RR. Depression of microsomal desaturation of linoleic to gamma-linolenic acid in the alloxan diabetic rat. Biochim Biophys Acta 1966 116 407-411. [Pg.255]

Mehlman MA, Tobin RB, Friend B, et al. 1975. The effects of a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture (aroclor 1254) on liver gluconeogenic enzymes of normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. Toxicology 5 89-95. [Pg.785]

Bassic acid Bumelia sartorum Mart/Sapotaceae Rootbark An unsaturated triterpene elicited significant hypoglycemic activity in alloxan diabetic rats and reportedly altered the pattern of glucose tolerance in test animals. Additionally, it increased plasma insulin levels significantly in alloxan diabetic rats. It reportedly enhanced secretion of insulin from the pancreatic P-cells [48]... [Pg.465]

An acetone extract of bitter melon given orally daily lowered the blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels to normal range after 15 to 30 days in alloxan diabetic rats. Once the blood sugar level was lowered after 30 days of treatment it did not increase even after 15 days of discontinuation of the treatment [154],... [Pg.483]

Tafauma ovala St. Hill (Magnoliaceae) Leaves (Brazil) Chemical analyisis of extract of leaves demonstrated the presence of phytosteroids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins in the crude extract. The leaf extract is commonly considered as antidiabetic remedy. However, pharmacological studies failed to demonstrate the hypoglycemic effect of this plant in normoglycemic, hyperglycemic or alloxan diabetic rats [174]. [Pg.486]

Tinospora crispa Miers (Menispermaceae) Stems (Malaysia) A hypoglycemic effect was observed in moderately alloxan diabetic rats with concomitant improvement in insulinaemia. Improvement in glucose tolerance was seen after a 2 week treatment with the extract dose of 4 g/l, in the drinking water. Acute i.v. treatment with the extract (50 mg/kg) caused an increase in plasma insulin levels [175], In static incubation with rat islets and HIT-TI5 [5-cells, the extract induced a dosage dependent stimulation and potentiation of basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion respectively. This insul inotropic effect was also evident in perfused human and rat islets and HIT-T5 P-cells. The hypoglycemic effect may be associated with increased insulin secretion [176 ]. [Pg.487]

Zizphus saliva Gaertn (Rhamnaceae) Leaves (India) Single (100-400 mg) oral doses of ethanol extract to normal rats showed a dose dependent statistically significant lowering of blood glucose within 2, 4, and 6 hours later. In alloxan diabetic rats, no significant effect was observed [180]. [Pg.487]

Oleuropien showed hypoglucemic activity and tolerance to glucose by oral administration in normal and alloxan-diabetes rats [135]. [Pg.356]

Finally, one intriguing application of these plants is that of combating hypoglycemia. The freeze-dried juice of Cucurbita ficifolia fruits, for example, has been successfully used in the treatment of diabetes type 2 in Mexico. The hypoglycemic effect was demonstrated by estimating blood glucose levels in different experimental models on healthy mice, alloxan-diabetic mice, and alloxan-diabetic rats [30]. [Pg.432]

Dixon, R.L., L.G. Hart, and J.R. Fouts (1961). The metabolism of drugs by liver microsomes from alloxan-diabetic rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 133,7-11. [Pg.376]

Kar, A., B.K. Choudhary, and N.G. Bandyopadhyay. 2003. Comparative evaluation of hypxjglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 84(1) 105-108. [Pg.120]

Lino, C., J.P. Diogenes, B.A. Pereira, et al. 2004. Antidiabetic activity of Bauhinia forficata extracts in alloxan-diabetic rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27(1) 125-127. [Pg.128]

Bhakuni, D.S., and M.L. Dhar. 1971. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity Part III. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 9 91-102. Galletto, R., V.L.D. Siqueira, E.B. Ferreira, A.J.B. Oliveira, and R.B. Bazotte. 2004. Absence of antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of Gymnema sylvestre in non-diabetic and alloxan-diabetic rats. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 47 545-551. [Pg.429]

Mohammad, S., A. Taha, R.N. Bamezai, and N.Z. Baquer. 2006. Modulation of glucose transporter (GLUT4) by vanadate and Trigonella in alloxan-diabetic rats. Life Sci. 78(8) 820-824. [Pg.883]

Insulin thus appears to play a major role in the regulation of the quantity of carbohydrate which is utilized for fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue. It corrects the decreased incorporation of glucose carbon into long-chain fatty acids, which is a characteristic of adipose tissue removed from starved or alloxan diabetic rats. There appears to be a difference in the effectiveness of insulin in vitro and in vivo with regard to adipose tissue from alloxan diabetic rats. This may reflect the fact that adipose tissue removed from alloxan diabetic rats 3 hours after the injection of insulin and then incubated for an additional 3 hours has actually been subjected to the influence of insulin for 6 hours a comparison with controls incubated with insulin in vitro for 6 hours has not been made. Aside from this and the different routes by which the hormone gains access to the tissue, the possibility remains that secondary hormonal adjustments to insulin in vivo may be responsible for its greater effectiveness. [Pg.158]

In a study of the electron microscopic anatomy of adipose tissue from alloxan diabetic rats, Sheldon et al. (19(11) noted that the capillary lumina contain abundant dense droplets which were believed to be chylomicrons. Two hours aft( r the administration of insulin to the diabetic rats, aggregate s of small droplets similar to the chylomicrons in the capillary lumina could be seem within the cells of the eipididymal fat pad. These aggregates did not have the same appearance as the fat droplets seen in normal fat cells or in e ells from re-fed animals, nor were the y seen in tissue from alloxan diabetic rats who had not reiceived insulin. Whether this observation indicates that insulin has an effect on the metabolism of chylomicrons by adipose tissue remains to be determined (Fig. 3). [Pg.162]

Insulin in vitro, in the presence of glucose, has no effect on the release of unesterified fatty acid by adipose ti.ssue fi om rats starved for 48 hours, or made diabetic with alloxan (Wiuegrad ei al., 1961 Winegrad and Forrester, unpubli.shed). Pretreatment with insulin for (5-12 hours is necessary to reduce to normal the rate of unesterified fatty acid release by epididymal adipose tissue from alloxan diabetic rats (Winegrad ct al., 1961). This finding suggests that impaired glucose utilization may not be the chief determinant of the increased rate of free fatty acid relea.se in tissue from rats starved for 48 hours or made diabetic with alloxan. [Pg.164]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.513 ]




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