Nasal decongestants topical

Hypotension and allergic disorders, asthma 25/mg—50 mg IM, SO, or IV topical nasal decongestant instill in each nostril q4h... 

SUM MARY DRUG TABLE SYSTEM 1C AND TOPICAL NASAL DECONGESTANTS... 

Understand tiiat overuse of topical nasal decongestants can make the symptoms worse ... 

Menthol, also known as peppermint oil, is used widely in toothpastes, mouthwashes, gum, sore-throat lozenges, lip balms, and nasal decongestants. For topical analgesic use, it is available in creams, lotions, ointment, and patches. The patches can be trimmed to fit the affected area. 

Topical intranasal decongestants (e.g., oxymetolazine, xylome-tolazine, phenylephrine, and naphazoline) are OTC options that provide prompt relief of nasal congestion. Nasal decongestants are dosed multiple times daily.15 Tachyphylaxis, rebound congestion, and rhinitis medicamentosa may occur with chronic use therefore, use should be limited to 3 to 5 days.8,12 These may be used 5 to 10 minutes before administration of intranasal corticosteroids in patients with blocked nasal passages.15... 

Rhinocort Aqua and Nasonex are preparations containing topical nasal corticosteroids (budesonide and mometasone furoate respectively). Otrivine contains a nasal decongestant (xylometazoline) and Sudafed is a systemic preparation containing a nasal decongestant (phenylephrine). Molcer is a preparation for ear-wax removal and which contains docusate sodium. Emadine contains an antihistamine (emedastine) and is presented as eye drops. 

Phenylephrine is a nasal decongestant that mimics the sympathetic system, thereby increasing the heart rate and blood pressure. It may aggravate conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and glaucoma. Patients with hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes and glaucoma are therefore given topical nasal sympathomimetics rather than systemic sympathomimetics. Both topical and systemic sympathomimetics are contraindicated in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, because concurrent administration of the two products may lead to a hypertensive crisis. 

Sodium chloride 0.9% is safe and effective in relieving rhinorrhoea. It is safer to use in children than topical nasal decongestants (xylometazoline), which are to be avoided in children under 6 years as the latter are more likely are cause side-effects (such as effects on sleep or hallucinations). Budesonide spray is used for allergic conditions and is not normally used in paediatric patients. Benzydamine spray is a throat spray intended to relieve pain in the throat. Mupirocin is indicated for staphylococcal infections. 

Paracetamol is indicated as an anti-pyretic and may be safely administered in a patient on warfarin. A topical nasal decongestant is effective for rhinorrhoea (runny nose) and would not interfere with warfarin. Altering the dose of warfarin is only recommended on the basis of results of international normalised ratio (INR) levels. 

Recommended Dosage Guidelines for Oral and Topical Nasal Decongestants (Dosage Maximum per 24 h)-... 

Compounds like naphazoline and xylometazoline are relatively selective agonists, which on topical application produce local vasoconstriction. They are used as nasal decongestants and have longer duration of action. Prolonged use can produce atrophic rhinitis and anosmia. 

The antihypertensive action of clonidine, a 2-imidazoline derivative, was discovered in the course of testing the drug for use as a topically applied nasal decongestant. 

Inapsine droperidol. indanazoline [inn] is an imidazoline related to naphazoline. It is a sympathomimetic with vasoconstrictor properties, formerly used as a topical nasal decongestant. indapamide [ban.inn.jan, usan) (LozoI Natrilix etc.) is a (thiazide-related) DIURETIC, which can be used in antihypertensive therapy. 

I Topical Decongestants. Topical decongestants are applied directly to swollen nasal mucosa via drops or sprays. Table 93-6 lists the common topical decongestants and their durations of... 

Creosote (beechwood), oral and topical Nasal decongestant drug products ... 

TABLE 2.2 Over-the-Counter Medications with a High Potentiai for Addiction Nasal sprays Topical decongestants can be habit-forming. 

Phenylephrine hydrochloride LD50 in mice, 1000 mg/kg. Medical use Sympathomimetic. Topically as a vascoconstrictor, mydriatic, and nasal decongestant. 

The goal in treatment of sinusitis is eradication of infection with clearance of the infected material from the sinuses. While the use of an appropriate antibiotic is necessary, the use of ancillary therapy is also of utmost importance. Steam and nasal saline, decongestants, topical corticosteroids, and mucoevacuants are given in an attempt to reduce nasal obstruction, increase sinus ostia size, promote improved mucociliary function, decrease mucosal inflammation, and thin secretions. In selected patients who fail to respond to aggressive medical therapy, functional endoscopic surgery can often provide relief. In patients with poorly controlled asthma, treatment of underlying sinusitis has been shown to dramatically improve the asthmatic state. 

When used topically as a nasal decongestant, the drug comes in direct contact with the nasal mucosa, causing vasoconstriction within mucosal vessels that have dilated due to the vasodilatory... 

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