All-solid state batteries

Huang, F., Z.W. Fu, Y.Q. Chu, W.Y. Liu, and Q.Z. Qin. 2004. Characterization of composite 0.5Ag V205 thin-film electrodes for lithium-ion rocking chair and all-solid-state batteries. Electrochem. and Solid-State Lett. 7 A180-A184. 

Polythiophene (from bithiophene) was also proposed as the positive electrode in a rechargeable lithium battery [505, 506]. All solid-state batteries were assembled with PEO/LiC104. Poly(3-methylthiophene) was used in Li/S02 rechargeable cells [507]. 

Solid Electrolyte Systems. Whereas there has been considerable research into the development of solid electrolyte batteries (18—21), development of practical batteries has been slow because of problems relating to the low conductivity of the solid electrolyte. The development of an all solid-state battery would offer significant advantages. Such a battery would overcome problems of electrolyte leakage, dendrite formation, and corrosion that can be encountered with liquid electrolytes. 

Solid electrolytes are one of functional materials which only single ion species can generally migrate in solid and are greatly expected to be applied for the electrical devices such as all solid-state batteries and chemical sensing devices... 

Three types of computer-assisted electronic stopwatches are now on the market the DataMyte 1010, the COMPU-RATE, and the OS-3 Plus Event Recorder. The DataMyte 1010 all-solid-state battery-operated data collector, developed by the Electro/General Corporation in 1971, is a practical altemative to both mechanical and electronic stopwatches. Observed data are keyed in and recorded in a solid-state memory in computer language. Elapsed time readings are recorded and computed automatically. Data recordings may be directly downloaded from the DataMyte to most personal computers through an output cable. The instrument is self-contained and can be carried around the workplace. The rechargeable battery power provides approximately 12 hr of continuous operation. It takes 40-50% less time to conduct time studies with the DataMyte and a computer than with a stopwatch and a hand calculator. 

Agrawal, R. C., Pandey, G. P. (2008). Solidpotymerelectrotytes Materials designing and all-solid-state battery applications An overview,... 

As mentioned in the introduction, all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries are considered as one of the most promising battery systems and higher volumetric energy density than the currently available lithium-ion batteries are expected. All-solid-state batteries can highly enhance the capability of cell design by allowing in-series stacking and bipolar structures. 

Here, we will briefly summarize lithium-ion conducting solid electrolytes as a key component of all-solid-state batteries. Next, we will discuss about approaches for improving Li-ion conduction across an electrode-electrolyte interface as well as in an active material. 

Much attention has been paid to a variety of inorganic solid electrolytes (Li7P3Sn [18] etc.) and its application to all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Since the transference number of the inorganic solid electrolyte is almost unity, the lithium-ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte is almost comparable to that of organic liquid electrolyte. However, in spite of the presence of highly lithium-ion conductive solid electrolytes, the all-solid-state batteries had not provided sufficient power densities until recendy. One of the critical reasons for the limited power density was due to the large lithium-ion transfer resistance at the interface between cathode and solid electrolyte. 

It is necessary to develop solid electrolytes having high lithium-ion conductivities as well as wide electrochemical windows in order to offer all-solid-state batteries with high... 

The power density of all-solid-state batteries, which was one of the significant issues, is often controlled by the resistance at electrode-electrolyte interfaces. As an example, in the all-solid-state batteries using sulfide-based solid electrolytes, a foreign layer was newly formed at the interface. LiNbOa buffer layer can be used to suppress interdiffusion between both phases, so that the batteries can dramatically boost up their rate capability, and furthermore, can avoid degradation with prolonged cycles. 

It is also important to improve ionic conductivities in active materials in order to enhance the power densities of all-solid-state batteries. One of the most effective coimtermeasures... 

All-solid-state batteries in which the anode, electrolyte and cathode are solids. A typical example of this battery type is the Ag/RbAg I /Rbl cell. Generally, solid state batteries are small primary or reserve batteries which operate at ambient temperatures. 

Agrawal RC, Pandey GP (2008) Solid polymer electrolytes materials designing and all-solid-state battery applications an overview. J Phys D Appl Phys 41 223001. doi 10.1088/0022-3727/41/22/ 223001... 

Even thin film-type, all-solid-state Li-ion batteries with an A1 anode lose 90 % of their original capacity after 100 cycles [138], a behavior in contrast to that observed with similar all-solid-state batteries using Si anodes [139]. The degradation mechanism of such Al-based all-solid-state batteries would be different from that of NWs as it would result from Li trapping in AlLi domains formed on the top surface of the A1 anode. This trapping would be due to the lack of surface pathways allowing Li and A1 to out-diffuse from the AlLi domains upon delithiation [138]. 

From a specific energy point of view, all-solid state batteries with insertion cathodes have the advantage that overall process only includes a minimum of components, but severe limitations were met in the design of batteries. In order to optimize the interfacial area and hence reduce its resistance, a composite electrode is commonly used in which the electronic and ionic conductors are mixed as powders and subjected to heat or pressure treatment in order to form the electrode. ... 

Amaresh, S., Karthikeyan, K., Kim, K.J., Lee, Y.G., Lee, Y.S. 2014. Aluminum based sulfide solid lithium ionic conductors for all solid state batteries. 

---