Alkyl polyglycosides ether

ABS—Alkylbenzene sulfonate AE—alcohol ethoxylate AES—alkyl ether sulfonate AOS—alpha olefin sulfonate APE—alkyl phenol ethoxylate APG—alkyl polyglycoside AS—alkyl sulfate... 

Coco-Based Surfactants. The most important coconut oil-based surfactants are fatty alcohol sulfate, fatty alcohol ether sulfate, and fatty alcohol polyglycol ether. Two relatively new coco-based surfactants are fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate and alkyl polyglycoside, which is produced from fatty alcohol and starch or sugar, both renewable materials. 

Fukuda, K., Soderman, O., Lindman, B. and Shinoda, K. (1993) Microemulsions formed by alkyl polyglycosides an alkyl glycerol ether. Langmuir, 9, 2921-2925. 

The development of cosmetic microemulsion cleansers with alkyl polyglycosides (APG) was described by Forster et al. [4]. This class of non-ionic surfactants has excellent environmental and skin compatibility. Cosmetic cleanser multicomponent systems are required to have good foaming and cleansing performance. Figure 8.3 shows a pseudo-ternary phase diagram of a five-component formulation. It consists of water, the oil dioctyl cyclohexane (DOCH), the non-ionic surfactant C12/14-APG, the anionic surfactant fatty alcohol ether sulphate (FAES) and the co-surfactant sorbitan monolaurate (SML). The phase diagram... 

Propylene glycol methyl ether 3.00 C8-16 alkyl polyglycoside 1.50... 

The most extensive group of ether surfactants is that of polyethoxylated long-chain alcohols and related ethoxylated products considered, in view of their practical importance, in a separate section. Other ether nonionics of importance are polypropylene glycols, propoxylated alcohols, block-copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, block-copolymers of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide [8, 16-20], block-copolymers having a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane moiety [19, 21], as well as alkyl polyglycerides, alkyl polyglycosides, derivatives of maltose and other saccarides. 

V. Goclik and P. Mischnick, Determination of the DS and the substituent distribution of cationic alkyl polyglycosides and cationic starch ethers by GLC after dealkylation with morphohne, Carbohydr. Res., 338 (2003) 733-741. 

This provides for interesting applications because, in contrast to fatty alcohol ethoxylates, temperature-stable microemulsions can be formed with alkyl polyglycosides. By varying the surfactant content, the type of surfactant used, and the oil/water ratio, microemulsions can be produced with custom-made performance properties, such as transparency, viscosity, refatting effect, and foaming behavior. In mixed systems of, say, alkyl ether sulfates and nonionic coemulsifiers (alkyl polyglycoside), extended microemulsion areas... 

By virtue of their physicochemical and performance profile, alkyl polyglycosides are a class of products that represent a new concept in compatibility and care in cosmetics. Alkyl polyglycosides are multifunctional raw materials that are moving closer to the center of modern formulation techniques. They may advantageously be combined with conventional components and can even replace them in new types of formulations. To exploit the rich spectrum of supplementary effects of alkyl polyglycosides on the skin and hair, changes have to be made to conventional techniques involving the widely used alkyl (ether) sulfonate/betaine combinations. 

The interfacial tension measurements were carried out with a Kruss spinning drop tensiometer. To simulate practical conditions, the measurements were performed in hard water (270 ppm Ca Mg = 5 1) at a surfactant concentration of 0.15 g/L and at 50 °C. Figure 46 shows a comparison of the interfacial tension of C12 alkyl polyglycoside derivatives against octyl dodecanol. The C12 monobutyl ether has the highest interfacial tension and hence... 

The results of the foam tests are set out in Fig. 50. The foaming behavior of various alkyl polyglycoside monoglycerol ethers and monocarbonates was... 

FIG. 48 Reduction of interfacial tension by alkyl polyglycoside monoglycerol ethers. 

Under the conditions of the acid-catalyzed syntheses of alkyl polyglycosides, secondary products, such as polydextrose [26,27], ethers, and colored impurities. 

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