Alkanes flammable liquids

Clear, colorless, watery, flammable liquid with a faint hydrocarbon odor resembling gasoline or similarly structured alkanes, e.g., 3-methyloctane. 

The above-mentioned alcohols are by far the most common. Butyl alcohol is not as commonly used as die first four in die series, but it is used. Secondary butyl alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol, so named because of the type of carbon atom in the molecule to which the hydroxyl radical is attached, must be mentioned because they are flammable liquids, while isobutyl alcohol has a flash point of 100°F. All of the alcohols of the first four carbon atoms in the alkanes, therefore, are extremely hazardous because of their combustion characteristics. 

Naphtha Various volatile and often flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixtures used as solvents and diluents consists mainly of hydrocarbons with higher boiling point than gasolines and lower boiling point than kerosene principal component of chemical dispersants used prior to 1970. Naphthenes Class of hydrocarbons with similar physical and chemical properties to alkanes insoluble in water, generally boil at 10-20°C higher than corresponding carbon number alkanes. Narcosis Stupor or unconsciousness produced by chemical substances. 

Cyclohexane, the six-carbon ring hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C6H12, is the most significant of the cyclic alkanes. Under ambient conditions it is a clear, volatile, highly flammable liquid. It is manufactured by the hydrogenation of benzene and is used primarily as a raw material for the synthesis of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone through a liquid-phase oxidation with air in the presence of a dissolved cobalt catalyst. 

Pentane is a colorless, flammable liquid (the first liquid member of the alkanes) that is lighter than water. It has a pleasant odor that can be detected at 900 ppm, and a moderate odor intensity is observed at 5000 ppm. It occurs as two other isomers, including isopentane [(CH3)2CHCH2CH3] and neopentane [C(CH3)4]. Isopentane (2-methylbutane) apparently has physical and physiological characteristics similar to straight-chain pentane. Neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane) is similar to butane in physical and physiological characteristics. In air, one part per million of C5 pentane is equivalent to 3 mgm. ... 

Hexane (HEX-ane) is a colorless flammable liquid with a faint petroleum-like odor. Chemically it is classified as a saturated hydrocarbon, which means that its molecules contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined only by single bonds. Saturated hydrocarbons are also known as alkanes. By far its most important use is as a solvent in a variety of industrial operations. 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS flammable gas NFPA rating Health 3, Flammability 4, Reactivity 3 volatile flammable liquid below room temperature polymerizes violently on contact with ammonia, alkali hydroxides, amines, metallic potassium, acids, aluminum chloride, iron (III) chloride, tin (IV) chloride, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, and rust reacts explosively with glycerol at 200°C vapor forms explosive mixtures with air vapors may travel to an Ignition source and flash back incompatible with bases, alcohols, air, copper, trimethyl amine, magnesium perchlorate, mercaptans, alkane thiols, bromoethane, and others explosive decomposition may occur in vapor or liquid phases use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide for firefighting purposes. 

Heptane An alkane (saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon) with six carbon atoms, CH3(CH2)4CHj. A volatile, colorless, flammable liquid (autoignition temperature, 222°C). Toxic by inhalation. Obtained by fi actionation of petroleum. Used as a solvent and in organic synthesis. Also called -Heptane. 

Alkenes — Also known as olefins, and denoted as C H2 the compounds are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a single carbon-to-carbon double bond per molecule. The alkenes are very similar to the alkanes in boiling point, specific gravity, and other physical characteristics. Like alkanes, alkenes are at most only weakly polar. Alkenes are insoluble in water but quite soluble in nonpolar solvents like benzene. Because alkenes are mostly insoluble liquids that are lighter than water and flammable as well, water is not used to suppress fires involving these materials. Because of the double bond, alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. 

CiflHjj. The alkanes do not stop at the ten-carbon chain however. Since these first ten represent flammable gases and liquids and most of the derivatives of these... 

In the Eastman process for 2,5-dihydrofuran production, the situation is different and the problem of heavy products has been tackled in a highly original manner. [31] The oligomers formed in the process are highly polar and insoluble in alkanes. The ionic liquid, [P(oct)3C18H37]I and the Lewis acid catalyst, [Sn(oct)3]I, which are non toxic (LD50 > 2 g kg"1 for each), non-flammable (flammability 1) and non-corrosive (340 stainless steel is used for the reactor), have been designed to be soluble in... 

Alkenes are insoluble in water but quite soluble in nonpolar solvents like benzene. Because alkenes are mostly insoluble liquids that are lighter than water and flammable as well, water is not used to suppress fires involving these materials. Because of the double bond, alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. 

Demonstrate combustion of some alkanes. Use a Bunsen burner to show complete and incomplete combustion of methane. Burn a range of alkanes to show the variation in ease of ignition - pentane and hexane are highly flammable but liquid paraffin and paraffin wax need pre-heating and/or a wick. 

The next six alkanes are named pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane. Their molecular formulas are C5HI2, C6H14, C7H16, CaHJg, CjH, and C10H22. The alkanes do not stop at the ten-carbon chain however. Since these first ten represent flammable gases and liquids and most of the derivatives of these... 

CSH1S) Compare with alkane i and hydrocarbon. Flammable j liquid compounds found in pe- troleum and natural gas. There are 18 different octanes- they j have different structural formu- las but share the molecular for- mula CgHls. Octane is used as a fuel and as a raw material for building more complex organic molecules. It is the eighth mem-i ber of the alkane series. 

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