Aliphatic alcohols glycerol

Classification Aliphatic dihydric alcohol Empirical C2H6O2 Formula HOCH2CH2OH Properties Colorless clear liq., sweet taste (poisonous) sol. in water, lower aliphatic alcohols, glycerol, glycol ethers, acetone, most org. soivs. poor sol. in toluene, benzene, chloroform m.w. 62.07 sp.gr. 1.1135 (20/4 C) vise. 17.3 cps m.p. -13 C b.p. 197.6 C flash pt. (OC) 115 C ref. index 1.43063 surf. tens. 48.49 dynes/cm dielec, const. 37.7... 

R. delemar AOT, Lecithin C12E4 Esterification of aliphatic alcohols, glycerol and ethylene glycol by fatty acids [42,45,111,11 ... 

On acetylation it gives acetanilide. Nitrated with some decomposition to a mixture of 2-and 4-nitroanilines. It is basic and gives water-soluble salts with mineral acids. Heating aniline sulphate at 190 C gives sulphanilic add. When heated with alkyl chlorides or aliphatic alcohols mono- and di-alkyl derivatives are obtained, e.g. dimethylaniline. Treatment with trichloroethylene gives phenylglycine. With glycerol and sulphuric acid (Skraup s reaction) quinoline is obtained, while quinaldine can be prepared by the reaction between aniline, paraldehyde and hydrochloric acid. 

Fats and oils are triesters of the trivalent alcohol glycerol and three (different) even-numbered aliphatic carboxylic acids, the fatty acids. Fats and oils differ in the length and the number of unsaturated bonds in the carbon chain. The shorter Cio-Ci4-fatty acids are obtained from coconut oil and palm kernel oil. These fatty acids are mostly saturated, and they are used in the manufacture of detergents. Cig-fatty acids are more widely used. Oleic acid, a Cig-fatty acid with an unsaturated bond on the ninth carbon atom, can be produced from many crops. Specific varieties or genetically modified plants, such as rape, have a content of over 90% oleic acid [4]. 

The fatty acids occur mostly as esters and are the major components of the parenchyma resin in both softwoods and hardwoods. The most important esters are fats (glycerol esters), usually present as triglycerides. Esters of other alcohols, which usually are aliphatic alcohols or of terpenoid nature, are known as waxes. 

Short-chain (SCCPs), medium-chain (MCCPs), and long-chain (LCCPs) CPs all have industrial applications and similar environmental concerns. CPs are viscous, colorless or yellowish dense oils with low vapor pressures, except for those of long carbon chain length with high chlorine content (70%), which are solid. CPs are practically insoluble in water, lower alcohols, glycerol and glycols, but are soluble in chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, ethers, mineral oils and some cutting oils. They are moderately soluble in unchlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons [1]. 

The oxidation of alcohols, including phenols, may also be catalyzed by zinc oxide and light. Markam and coworkers - oxidized glycerol, benzyl alcohol, and the first seven aliphatic alcohols at room temperature with light of 3660 A. in the presence of zinc oxide. None of the alcohols studied absorb at this wavelength. 

CAS 111-77-3 EINECS/ELINCS 203-906-6 Synonyms DEGME Diethylene glycol methyl ether Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether Ethanol, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)- 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy) ethanol Methyl Carbitol Methyl digol Classification Aliphatic ether alcohol Empin cal C5H12O3 Formula CH3OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH Properties Water-wh. liq. mild pleasant odor sol. in water, alcohols, glycerol, ether, acetone misc. with most org. soivs. m.w. 120.17 dens. 1.0211 (20/4 C) vapor pressure 0.2 mm Hg (20 C) m.p. -85 C b.p. 194 C flash pt. 93.3 C ref. index 1.4264(27 C)... 

Abstract N-propanol, 2-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, allyl and propargyl are all aliphatic alcohols containing three carbon atoms. 

The other hpid polymer, suberin, is a heteropolymer, consisting of an aliphatic polyester associated with cross-linked polyaromatics and embedded waxes. Upon transesterification of suberin, the monomers released include C16-C28 m-hydroxy fatty acids and C16-C26 ct, -dicarboxyhc acids, the latter of which are diagnostic monomers, unsubstituted very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C>i8) and alcohols, glycerol and ferulate. Usually the major components of suberin are -hydroxy derivatives of palmitic and/or oleic acids, but in some cases oo-hydroxy C220 also is a dominant component [37]. Dicarboxylic FAs derived from further oxidation of the -hydroxy-FAs are also found in suberin. 

Aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes occur above all in combination with glycerol they form alkyl ethers and alk-l-enyl ethers ( vinyl ethers ). Acids are found as esters with glycerol, the mono-, di- and triglycerides. 

P. cepacia AOT Lecithin Esterification of various aliphatic alcohols and glycerol by fatty adds [46,48]... 

The efQciency of lipases to catalyze the synthesis of glycerides in AOT/isooc-tane tnicroemulsions depends strongly on the water content of the system. Lipases are active at very low w values (Wq = 1-3) this contrasts with the high optimum Wo values found for the esterification of monofunctional aliphatic alcohols in similar microemulsions [111,127]. This difference is possibly due to the hydrophilic character of glycerol, which can also be located in the dispersed phase of the microemulsion droplets [111,125,128]. Reverse micelles systems have been also... 

Homolipids, which consist of fatty acids linked to various alcohols, are now categorised exclusively by the structure of the bound alcohol. The most common alcohol in natural lipids is glycerol. Rarely occurring alcohols are glycols, higher monohydric aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic and alicyclic terpenoid hydroxy compounds, such as xanthophylls (see Section 9.9.1.2), and various steroid compounds (see Section 3.7.4). 

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