Aleurites

Composition. Shellac is primarily a mixture of aUphatic polyhydroxy acids in the form of lactones and esters. It has an acid number of ca 70, a saponification number of ca 230, a hydroxyl number of ca 260, and an iodine number of ca 15. Its average molecular weight is ca 1000. Shellac is a complex mixture, but some of its constituents have been identified. Aleuritic acid, an optically inactive 9,10,16-trihydroxypalmitic acid, has been isolated by saponification. Related carboxyflc acids such as 16-hydroxy- and 9,10-dihydroxypalmitic acids, also have been identified after saponification. These acids may not be primary products of hydrolysis, but may have been produced by the treatment. Studies show that shellac contains carboxyflc acids with long methylene chains, unsaturated esters, probably an aliphatic aldehyde, a saturated aliphatic ester, a primary alcohol, and isolated or unconjugated double bonds. 

Aleuritic acid [/2S-erytAro-9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid] [533-87-9] M 304.4, m 100-101 . Crystd from aqueous EtOH. Hydrazide cryst from EtOH has m 139-140°. 

Shellac [124,125] is a natural resin used in very old times for varnishes and moulding compounds. The resin secreted by the lac insect, Kerriar paca, is collected by scraping the shellac-encrusted trees found in southern parts of Asia. It consists of a complex mixture of cross-linked polyesters derived from hydroxy acids, principally aleuritic acid (9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid). From a structural point of view, it appears that this material can be used as a crosslinking agent and/or as a monomer for developing dentrite-like polymers. The question is whether it is possible to produce this material from shellac by controlled hydrolysis. 

Linseed Tung Flax plant (Linum usitatissimum) seeds Tung plant (Aleurites fordii) nuts Europe, Asia, America East Asia Binder in paints Varnish binder in paints... 

Ester of aleuritic acid and laccijalaric acid C31H50O8... 

Diester of butolic/aleuritic/laksholic acid C45H78O11... 

Mangrove Forest ecosystems occur on the surface of compact cavernous reef limestone or on carbonate sands, aleuritic and clayey silts in lagoons and shallow... 

Aleuritic acid, physical properties of, 5 35t Aleurone layer, 3 567 Alexandrite, color of, 7 331 Ale yeast, 3 580... 

Shellac, which was used by Edison for molding his first photograph records and is still used as an alcoholic solution (spirit varnish) for coating wood, is a cross-linked polymer consisting largely of derivatives of aleuritic acid (9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid). Shellac is excreted by small coccid insects Coccus lacca), which feed on the twigs of trees in Southeast Asia. Over 2 million insects must be dissolved in ethanol to produce 1 kg of shellac. 

Tung plant (Aleurites fordii) nuts East Asia... 

CN048 Ito, Y., S. Yanase, H. Tokuda, M. Kishishita, H. Ohigashi, M. Hirota, and K. Koshimizu. Epstein-Barr virus activation by tung oil, extracts of CN059 Aleurite fordii and its diterpene ester 12 0 hexadecanoyl 16 hydroX yphorbol 13-acetate. Chem Lett 1983 ... 

The polymerization of isopropyl aleuritate with Novozym 435 afforded linear polymers of good molecular weight (Mn 5.6kDa, PDI 3.2) [51]. In this case, the regioselectivity was close to 100%, a result of the sterically hindered secondary alcohols (reaction C in Fig. 7). The thermal properties of the polymers could be... 

Felicia amelloides (Comp.) Abrus precatorius (Leg.) Achillea fragrantissima (Comp.) Zizyphus vulgaris (Rham.) Desmodium tortuosum (Leg.) Zizyphus jujuba (Rham.) Gemmingia chinensis (Irid.) Aleurites moluccana (Euphorb.)... 

The leaves of Aleurites moluccana contain 2"-C-rhamnosylswertisin and swertisin. The antinociceptive effect of both compounds was evaluated by the writhing test in mice. " The results indicated that the first derivative inhibits, dose dependently, the abdominal constrictions caused by acetic acid with an ID50 value of 6.9 to 10.2 pM/kg and maximal inhibition of 92%. When compared with aspirin ID5o= 133 pM/kg, the C-glycosylflavone was about 16-fold more potent. On the other hand, the swertisin alone did not show any effect. 

Me5Te-Silva, C. et al., A triterpene and a fiavonoid C-glycoside from Aleurites moluccana L. Willd., Act. Farm. Bonaer., 16, 169, 1997. 

Me5Te-Silva, C. et al.. Isolation of a C-glycoside fiavonoid with antinociceptive action from Aleurites moluccana leaves, Planta Med., 65, 293, 1999. 

Morsch, M. et al.. Separation of C-glycoside flavonoids from Aleurites moluccana using chitin and full N-acetylated chitin, Z. Naturforsch. C Biosci., 57, 957, 2002. 

Aleurites fordii Hemsl. You Tong (Candlenut) (fruit, aerial part, seed) Saponin, alpha-elaeo stearic, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, tannins, phytosterols, n-hentriacontane, alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterolm, campesterol.50-219 Analgesic activity. Treat anemia, atrophy, edema, vermicide, oil (toxic internally) for parasitic skin diseases. 

Aleurites moluceanu (L.) Willd. Shi Li (China wood oil) (bark, seed) Protein, carotene, thiamine.50 This herb is toxic. As poultice for fever, headache, swollen joints, and ulcer. 

Quisqualis grandiflora Miq., Q. pubescens Bunn., Q. longifolia Presl., Q. indica L., Q. sinensis Lindl., Q. loureiri G. Don Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Sprengel Aleurites moluceanu (L.) Willd. 

Aleurites fordii, Alnus japonica, Cirsium chinense, C. japonicum, Pedicularis resupinata Sambucus formosana Antiaris toxicaris Antiaris toxicaris... 

Achillea alpina, A. millefolium, Aleurites moluceanu, Alpinia katsumadai, A. globosum, A. kumatake, Anthriscus aemula, A. sylvestris, Blumea lacera, Daucus camta, Eriobotrya japonica, Calendula officinalis, Gnaphalium affine, G. arenarium, G. confusum, G. javanum, G. luteo-album, G. multiceps,... 

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