Aldehydes mutagenic

Interest ia the toxicity of aldehydes has focused primarily on specific compounds, particularly formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acroleia (13). Litde evidence exists to suggest that occupational levels of exposure to aldehydes would result ia mutations, although some aldehydes are clearly mutagenic ia some test systems. There are, however, acute effects of aldehydes. 

The abasic sites (3, Scheme 8.2) resulting from the loss of alkylated bases from DNA are both cytotoxic and mutagenic. " The cyclic acetal (3) exists in equilibrium with small amounts (—1%) of the open chain aldehyde (4). The acidic nature of a-proton in the aldehyde form of the abasic lesion facilitates 3-elimination of the 3 -phosphate residue to yield a strand break. " This reaction occurs with a half-life of about 200 h under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37°C), but can be accelerated by heat, basic conditions, or the presence of various amines. " ... 

Treatment of 1-pyridinium sulphonate with sodium or potassium hydroxide generates sodium or potassium salts of 5-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienal (glutaconaldehyde), which are starting materials for a variety of transformations (equation 178)171b 301. For example, the reaction of the potassium salt with a carbon electrophile has been used for the preparation of a dienol aldehyde (equation 179)mb which was an intermediate in the total synthesis of a mutagen, (S)-3-(dodeca-l,3,5,7,9-pentaenyloxy)propane-l,2-diol. 

No studies have been conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity of endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone in humans or animals by inhalation, oral, or dermal routes of exposure. Studies are needed to determine potential mutagenic risk for people who may be exposed near hazardous waste sites. 

The health impairing and toxic elfects of oxidation of lipids are due to loss of vitamins, polyenoic fatty acids, and other nutritionally essential components formation of radicals, hydroperoxides, aldehydes, epoxides, dimers, and polymers and participation of the secondary products in initiation of oxidation of proteins and in the Maillard reaction. Dilferent oxysterols have been shown in vitro and in vivo to have atherogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, angiotoxic, and cytotoxic properties, as well as the ability to inhibit cholesterol synthesis (Tai et ah, 1999 Wpsowicz, 2002). 

Hemminki, K., Falck, K. Vainio. H. (1980) Comparison of alkylation rates and mutagenicity of directly acting industrial and laboratory chemicals. Epoxides, glycidyl ethers, methylating and ethylating agents, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrazine derivatives, aldehydes, thiuram and dithiocarbamate derivatives. Arch. Toxicol., 46, 277-285... 

Obe, G. Beek, B. (1979) Mutagenic activity of aldehydes. Drug Alcohol Depend., 4, 91-94 Obe, G. Ristow, H. (1977) Acetaldehyde, but not ethanol, induces sister chromatid exchanges... 

Activation of allyl chloride to genotoxic substances appears to involve aldehydes, since inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by cyanamide increases the mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TAIOO on the other hand neither SKF525 nor 1,1,1-tri-chloropropene-2,3-oxide affect the mutagenicity, so that metabolic activation via an epoxide is unlikely (Neudecker Henschler, 1986). 

Use of the resins with samples containing free chlorine residual is not recommended. Cheh (35) suggested that chlorine may produce mutagenic artifacts on XAD-4. Our experiment with 2-mg/L chlorine residual appeared to promote the release of irreversibly adsorbed spiked standards Six model compounds were recovered at levels several times higher than those observed in normal blank runs. In addition, many resin artifacts were eluted after exposure to this chlorine level, primarily aromatic and aliphatic acids, aldehydes, and ketones. Stoichiometric dechlorination (ferrous ion) is therefore recommended in order to avoid cross contamination between samples and inclusion of undesirable resin artifacts in the residue to be bioassayed. 

The aldehydic products from the autoxidation of PUFA have always been of interest, since the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test detects malonaldehyde (or malonaldehyde precursors) with considerable sensitivity (76-78) and since malonaldehyde itself is mutagenic (H). More recently, Esterbauer and his coworkers have shown that 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals, and particularly 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, are extremely cytotoxic (76f77,7Q). 

Cooper KO, Latriano L, Witz G, et al. 1985. Mutagenicity studies of a series of alpha, beta unsaturated aldehydes using the Ames test. Environ Mutagen 7 (Suppl 3) 56. 

Lutz D, Neudecker T, Eder E. 1980. Mutagenic effects of allylic alcohols and their corresponding aldehydes. Nauyn-Schmiedeberg s Arch Pharmacol 311(Suppl) R25. 

Sasaki Y, Endo R. 1978. Mutagenicity of aldehydes in Salmonella. Mutat Res 54 251-252. 

The results summarized in Table 11.3 show that the software DfW identified the a, 3-unsaturated aldehyde moiety on onchidal as a structural alert and predicted this reactive center of the molecule to possess bacterial (Salmanella typhimurium) mutagenic potential at the reasoning level the software defines as plausible . Plausible is an uncertainty term in the software s reasoning tree and is defined as The weight of evidence supports the proposition (Marchant et al., 2008). The prediction of mutagenicity for the a,P-unsaturated aldehyde moiety on... 

Derek for Windows Mutagenicity - plausible Alert 302 a,P-unsaturated aldehyde Skin sensitization - plausible Alert 425 Enol ether Alert 479 a,P-unsaturated aldehyde... 

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