Alcohol 190-proof

He is now ready to run the reaction. If he has methylamine gas in a cylinder, he puts 1 liter of 95% ethyl alcohol (190 proof grain alcohol) in the bomb. If he has 40% methylamine in water, he uses 1 liter of absolute ethyl alcohol. Then he adds the same amount of methylamine as used in the first method described in this chapter. If he used methylamine gas from a cylinder, he adds 100 ml each of ether and benzene to the bomb. Then he adds 90 grams of Raney nickel catalyst and 25 grams of sodium acetate. Finally, he adds 300 ml of phenylacetone to the bomb. 

Grind and macerate for 2 days with 2.5 gal. Alcohol 190 proof (95%)... 

Trade Name Synonyms Atomsolve 1400-2460 [Atomergic Chemetals http //www.atomergic.com]] CDA 19-1 [Equistar http //www.equistarchem.com]] CDA 19-3 [Equistar http //www.equistarchem.com]] Nanospheres 100 (LPE) t[Exsymol http //www.exsymol.com]] Punctilious Ethyl Alcohol 190 Proof Pure USP [Equistar http //WWW. equistarchem. com]... 

Punctilious Ethyl Alcohol 190 Proof Pure USP Punctilious Ethyl Alcohol 200 Proof Pure USP Punctilious SDA 1-2 Punctilious SDA 4 Punctilious SDA 25-1 Punctilious SDA 25-2 Ucar Ethanol 200-579-1 Amasil 85%, 99%... 

A solution that is 95% ethyl alcohol (190 proof) may be obtained from the final mixture by fractional distillation. The mixture also yields two other products of commercial value today 1-butanol and acetone (Section 21.11). 

Alcohol fuel vehicles Alcoholic beverages Alcoholic fermentation Alcoholic proof Alcoholism... 

In the bottom of the 25-litre container something should be placed to raise up the 10 litre container a bit. This should be a container of some sort. I have used a 10-litre bucket that I have cut down to make it about 60 mm high. It is wide and gives good support. Remember, it must be something that is alcohol proof, e.g. food grade plastic (PP or PE plastic), stainless steel or ceramics. Plastic items are usually stamped with the type of plastic they are made from. 

Malting and masliiiig. Kcriiieiilatioii. 1 lislilhiion alcohol. Proof spirit. ... 

FIRE FIGHTING Use carbon dioxide, alcohol-proof foam, dry chemical or halogenated extinguishing agents. 

The parts by volume 01 water and Ihe parts by volume ol ethyl alcohol do noi add to unity (100) at any one prool reading, because o the shrinkage in volume which occurs when ethyl alcohol and water are mixed. The parts by voArme of ethyl alcohol are the same as percent by volume of ethyl alcohol used to determine proof for tax purposes. Ethyl alcohol proof, by legal deknition. is twice Ihe percent by volume. 

The pahs by volume of water and the occurs when ethyl alcohol and water ai purposes. Ethyl alcohol proof, by legal... 

Name Carbohydrate Amount of Ethyl Alcohol Proof... 

Proof, apparent n. The proof of a liquid as calculated from its specific gravity at 60° F. It is equivalent to the proof of a solution of pure alcohol and water having the same specific gravity at 60/60° F and the mixture in question. Since materials other than alcohol and water, such as denaturants or other soluble ingredients, affect the specific gravity of the solution, the apparent proof is not necessarily the true alcohol proof of the solution. Russell JB (1980) General chemistry. McGraw-Hill, New York. 

Spirits are described as so many degrees over proof (OP) or under proof (UP). Sometimes, for alcoholic liquors, spirit strength is given in degrees proof, e.g. proof spirit is 100° proof and 70° proof 30° under proof (i.e. a solution eontaining 70% of proof spirit). 

Alcohol. The number of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUl) cases reflects the enormity of the dmnken driving problem in the United States (9). Tests to measure blood alcohol concentration are conducted on blood, urine, or breath (10). In the case of urine and breath, the alcohol concentration measured is reported in terms of the equivalent blood alcohol concentration. Most states in the United States presume that a person is under the influence of alcohol with respect to driving a motor vehicle at a blood alcohol concentration of 0.10%, ie, an ethanol concentration >10 g/100 mL of blood. Some states maintain a lower necessary concentration of 0.08%. In some European countries levels are as low as 0.05%. A blood alcohol concentration of 0.10% in a 68-kg (150-lb) person is the equivalent of about four drinks of 80 proof alcohoHc beverage or four 340-g (12-oz) beers in the body at the time of the test (see Beer Beverage spirits, distilled Wine). Ethanol is metabolized at the equivalent rate of about one drink per hour. 

The purification of Hquid nitro alcohols by distillation should be avoided because violent decompositions and detonation have occurred when distillation was attempted. However, if the distillation of a nitro alcohol cannot be avoided, the utmost caution should be exercised. Reduced pressure should be utilised, ie, ca 0.1 kPa (<1 mm Hg). The temperature of the Hquid should not exceed 100°C hot water should be used as the heating bath. A suitable explosion-proof shield should be placed in front of the apparatus. At any rise in pressure, the distillation should be stopped immediately. The only commercially produced Hquid nitro alcohol, 2-nitro-1-butanol, is not distilled because of the danger of decomposition. Instead, it is isolated as a residue after the low boiling impurities have been removed by vacuum treatment at a relatively low temperature. 

Water solubiHty sometimes is important in determining whether water can be used to dilute or flush away flammable Hquids. However, a water solution of flammables can give off sufficient vapors to bum, eg, a 30 vol % solution of ethyl alcohol in water (60 proof) has a flash point which is only 16.6°C above that of pure ethyl alcohol (29.4°C vs 12.8°C). 

Alcohol Yield. With com containing 60% starch, distillers traditionally obtain 19—19.7 L (5.0—5.2 proof gaHons)/0.03 (bushel). Theoretical yields as Hters of absolute alcohol/100 kg of starch are... 

U.S. regulations define this standard as foUows proof spirit shaU be held to be that alcohoHc Hquor which contains one-half its volume of alcohol of a specific gravity of 0.7939 at 15.6°C ie, the figure for proof is always twice the percent alcohol content by volume. For example, 100° proof means 50% alcohol by volume. In the United Kingdom as weU as Canada, proof spirit is such that at 10.6°C alcohol weighs exactiy twelve-thirteenths of the weight of an equal bulk of distiUed water. A proof of 87.7° indicates an alcohol concentration of 50%. A conversion factor of 1.142 can be used to change British proof to U.S. proof. 

Steam is introduced at the base of the whiskey column through a sparger. Where economy is an important factor, as in a fuel alcohol plant, a calandtia is employed as the source of indirect heat. The diameter of the stiU, number of perforated and bubble cap plates, capacity of the doubler, and proof of distiUation are the critical factors that largely determine the characteristics of a whiskey. 

Operational temperatures of 4—27°C are maintained. In this process the flavor components are concentrated in the retentate. A reduced alcohol product is obtained by adding back water to give the desired flavor impact. Typical gas chromatographic results, comparing unprocessed 80° proof whiskey with reverse osmosis processed 54° proof whiskey and diluted 54° proof whiskey, indicate good congener retention in the alcohol-reduced (RO) processed whiskey (Table 7). 

Alcohohc beverages are made up primarily of ethanol, congeners, and water. Congeners are vaporized with the alcohol in distillation below 190° proof and are developed during the maturation process by oxidation and other reactions. These components contribute to palatability and create the characteristic appearance, aroma, and taste of a particular spidt. When the spirit is distilled at a lower proof, more congeners are present and the spirits possess more character. Congeners are usually reported either as grams per 100 Hters at "as is" proof, or as 100° proof at parts per million or parts per billion. 

Distilled spirits are governed by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms regulations. Every botde of distilled spirits must contain a specified percent of alcohol or proof as stated on the label. Proof is the ethyl alcohol content of a Hquid at 15.6°C, stated as twice the percent of ethyl alcohol by volume. 

The proof content is determined by the use of a standardized hydrometer with a standardized thermometer. The alcohol content can also be determined by the use of an immersion refractometer, a pycnometer, or a density meter. 

The actual proof must not be more than the stated proof or no less than 0.3 below the stated proof for soflds less than 600 mg/100 mL, and no less than 0.5 below the stated proof for soflds greater than 600 mg/100 mL. The actual alcohol content must be given to the nearest 0.5%. 

Most flavors that are designed for beverage alcohol products use ethanol as the primary solvent for the flavor. Glycerol [56-81-5] propylene glycol [57-55-6] and water are other common solvents in Hquid flavors. Some beverage alcohol concepts require the addition of an emulsified flavor, either as a vehicle to solubilize the oils in the beverage or as a deflberate attempt to cloud the product. This can best be accompHshed at lower proofs with the alcohol breaking the emulsion. 

Commercial ethyl alcohol is shipped in railroad tank cars, tank tmcks, 208-L (55-gal) and 19-L (5-gal) dmms, and in smaller glass or metal containers having capacities of 0.473 L (one pint), 0.946 L (one quart), 3.785 L (one U.S. gal), or 4.545 L (one Imperial gal). The 208-L dmms may be of the unlined iron type. If a guarantee of more meticulous quaUty is desired, the dmms may be lined with phenoHc resin. AH containers, of course, must comply with the specifications of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Both 190 proof and 200 proof ethyl alcohol are considered red label (flammable) materials by the DOT, as both have flash points below 37.8°C by the Tag closed-cup method. 

Table 4. Conversion of U.S. Proof to Alcohol by Volume, Alcohol by Weight, and British Proof ...

The deterrnination of the proof (the alcohol content) is us uaHy made by measuring specific gravity with hydrometers at the standard temperature of ... 

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