Alcohols common names

These are generally used for the simpler molecules of alcohols. Common names of alcohols are derived by naming the alky] group attached to the —OH group and then the word alcohol is added. The prefixes primary, secondary and tertiary may also be used. 

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC) names of alcohols include the name of the hydrocarbon to which the alcohol corresponds and indicate the number of carbon atoms the suffix -o/ denotes an alcohol. Common names use the name of the alkyl group (represented as R in ROM) attached to —OH. For example, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and tert/ory-butyl alcohol are the common names for methanol, ethanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol. 

A Figure 24.11 Condensed structural formulas of six Important alcohols. Common names are given in blue. 

Common Name Methyl alcohol Common Name sec-Butyl alcohol... 

Handbooks are notorious for listing compounds according to their common names One gives the name sec isoamyl alcohol for a compound which could be called 1 2 dimethylpropyl alcohol according to the lUPAC functional class rules The best name for this compound is the substitutive lUPAC name What is it" ... 

On Irealmenl wilh alkoxide bases esters undergo self condensalion lo give a p kelo ester and an alcohol Elhyl acelale for example undergoes a Claisen condensalion on Ireal menl wilh sodium elhoxide lo give a p kelo ester known by ils common name ethyl ace toacetate (also called acetoacetic ester)... 

Gram alcohol (Section 4 3) A common name for ethanol (CH3CH2OH)... 

CAS Registry Number common name [71-41-0] -amyl alcohol [6032-29-7] j -amyl alcohol [584-02-1] [137-32-6] [123-51-3] iso amyl alcohol [75-85-4] / fZ-amyl alcohol [598-75-4] [75-84-3] neopentyl alcohol... 

Common Name CAS Registry Number -Butyl alcohol [71-36-3] Isobutyl alcohol [78-83-1] j -Butyl alcohol [78-92-2] /-Butyl alcohol [75-65-0]... 

Esters are named by replacing the ending -ic acid with the suffix -ate. The alcohol portion of the ester is named by replacing the -ane ending of the parent hydrocarbon name with the suffix -yl. The alkyl radical name of an ester is separated from the carboxylate name, eg, methyl formate for HCOOCH. Amides are named by changing the ending -oic acid to -amide for either systematic or common names, eg, hexanamide and acetamide. 

The above-mentioned alcohols are by far the most common. Butyl alcohol is not as commonly used as the first four in the series, but it is used. Secondary butyl alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol, so named because of the type of carbon atom in the... 

Chemical Name (R)-2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide Common Name Panthenol pantothenyl alcohol... 

Some simple and widely occurring alcohols have common names that are accepted by KJPAC. For example ... 

The common name of an ester consists of two words. The first word (methyl, ethyl,...) is derived from that of the alcohol the second word (formate, acetate,...) is the name of the acid with the -ic suffix replaced by -ate. Thus ethyl formate (Table 22.4) is made from ethyl alcohol and formic acid ... 

Propanol is often known by its common name, isopropyl alcohol. 

The common names of 2-methyl-2-propanol are tertiary-butanol and tertiary-butyl alcohol (commonly shortened to tert-butanol and tert-butyl alcohol or even t-butanol and t-butyl alcohol). 

A major part in the language of chemistry is in learning the names of the chemicals (nomenclature). Many chemicals, particularly the more common ones, are known by several different names. For example, the chemical CH3CH2OH has the systematic name ethanol. The publication Chemical Abstracts (American Chemical Society) also uses the name ethanol. The historical or common name is ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol. A nickname for it is just alcohol, and there are various tradenames, depending on the manufacturer. For example, the Fastman Company sells it under the name of Tecsol . Fven trained chemists have trouble with nomenclature, which makes the use of and need for written chemical formulae common among chemists. 

Although phenols would appear to be alcohols, because they have an -OH group like alcohols, they do not react like alcohols but instead have the chemical properties of acids. For example, they form salts when reacted with a base. This is the reason that the common name for phenol for many years was carbolic acid. 

Simple alcohols are often called by common names that are approved by the IUPAC. 

Common name Ethanol ETOH Chemical name Ethyl alcohol Molecular weight 46.07 Formula C2H60 Density 0.789 gmU1... 

The common names of the alcohols consist of the name of the alkyl group and the word alcohol. For example, CH3OH is methyl alcohol and CH3CH2OH is ethyl alcohol. Some examples of naming alcohols are shown in Figure 3-2. 

Aldehydes use the parent name of their corresponding alkanes and the ending al. Therefore, the simplest aldehyde is meth-anal, but it goes by its common name formaldehyde. Aldehydes and ketones are often produced by the oxidation of alcohols. For example, formaldehyde is produced by the oxidation of methanol according to the following reaction ... 

Esters are named by first using the name derived from the alcohol and then the stem of the acid name with the ending ate. Acetate is derived from the common name acetic acid. The lUPAC name would be methyl ethanoate, with the ethanoate derived from acetic acid s lUPAC name ethanoic acid. 

Many amines, like other organic compounds, are known by their common names. Their lUPAC names follow that of naming of alcohols, but the ending amine is used. A common practice is to list the names of the groups attached to the nitrogen followed by the ending amine. Thus, CHj-NH would be methylamine. The simplest aromatic is called aniline ... 

ROH is an alcohol and ArOH is a phenol (Chapter 19). Some alcohols have common names, usually made up of the name of the alkyl group attached to the OH and the word alcohol" e.g., ethyl ilcohol, C2H5OH. More generally the lUPAC method is used, in which the suffix -ol replaces the -e of the alkane to indicate the OH. The longest chain with the OH group is used as the parent, and the C bonded to the OH is called the carbinol carbon. 

Problem 13.1 Give a common name for each of the following alcohols and classify them as 1°. 2°, or 3° ... 

Dials are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. They are named as for alcohols except that the suffix -dial is used and two numbers are required to locate the hydroxyls. 1,2-diols are called glycols. The common names for glycols usually arise from the name of the aUcene from which they are prepared. 

Within the mechanisms proceeding with substrate coordination to the metal, we can distinguish between insertion mechanisms, being characterized by the substrate insertion into the M—H bond (Scheme 4a), and in the particular case of the hydrogen-transfer reactions, a mechanism where the substrate and the hydrogen source (usually an alcohol) are both coordinated to the metallic center, commonly named the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) mechanism (Scheme 5) (22-24). 

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