Alcohol cellulose

Many of these reactions are reversible, and for the stronger nucleophiles they usually proceed the fastest. Typical examples are the addition of ammonia, amines, phosphines, and bisulfite. Alkaline conditions permit the addition of mercaptans, sulfides, ketones, nitroalkanes, and alcohols to acrylamide. Good examples of alcohol reactions are those involving polymeric alcohols such as poly(vinyl alcohol), cellulose, and starch. The alkaline conditions employed with these reactions result in partial hydrolysis of the amide, yielding mixed carbamojdethyl and carboxyethyl products. 

See Alcohols Cellulose and derivatives Vegetable matter, all below See Acetic anhydride Perchloric acid... 

Alcell [Alcohol cellulose] A process for delignifying wood pulp by dissolving it in aqueous ethanol at high temperature and pressure. Developed by Repap Technologies, United States. 

In principle, molecular sieve carbons (MSC) can be achieved by the pyrolysis of thermosetting polymers such as polyvinylidene chloride, polyfurfuryl alcohol, cellulose, cellulose triacetate, polyacrylonitrile and phenol formaldehyde (Koresh 1980). An example is given by Trimm and Cooper (1970,1973) for the preparation of MSC (mixed with metallic compounds) for catalyst systems. A mixture of furfuryl alcohol, platinum oxide and formaldehyde was heated to 40°C and additional formaldehyde was added to ensure the... 

The late 19th century saw the development of a new family of "smokeless" powders, as modern organic chemistry blossomed and the nitration reaction became commercially feasible. Two "esters" - nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine - became the major components of these new propellants. An ester is a compound formed from the reaction between an acid and an alcohol. Figure 6.1 illustrates the formation of NC and NG from nitric acid and the precursor alcohols cellulose and glycerine. 

Celestone syrup contains 0.6 mg betamethasone in each 5 mL. The inactive ingredients for celestone syrup include alcohol cellulose, powdered citric acid, anhydrous FD C red no. 40 FD C yellow no. 6 flavor cherry... 

Mucoadhesives are generally macromolecular organic polymers made from natural (gelatin, agarose, chitosan, hyaluronic acid) or synthetic polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose derivates). They possess hydrophilic groups that can... 

Glass-like carbons (glassy carbons) are produced by the pyrolysis of different precursors, such as phenol-formaldehyde resin, poly(furfuryl alcohol), cellulose, etc., through an exact control of the heating process [88,89], They are characterized by an amorphous structure and also by... 

In an attempt to look for alternatives to the use of halogenated fire retardants, which function in the gas phase, an approach has been pursued which controls the polymer flammability by modifying the condensed phase chemistry. Silica gel combined with potassium carbonate have been reported to be an effective fire retardant for a wide variety of common polymers, such as polypropylene, nylon, poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol), cellulose, and to a lesser extent, polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile.49 The cone calorimeter data shown in Table 8.5 indicate that the PHHR is reduced by up to 68% without significantly increasing the smoke or carbon monoxide levels during the combustion. 

Because it is a polyhydroxyl alcohol, cellulose can be esterified in strong acid mediums, anhydrides, and catalysts, and requires the absence of water for completion because it is a reversible reaction. Normally, the reaction proceeds rapidly and is permitted to continue until the three hydroxyl groups on each anhydroglucose unit have been replaced with the acyl group of the organic acid or mixture of acids. 

Typical reactions of CS2 are summarized in Figure 42. CS2 forms a range of metal complexes,making use of one, two, or all of its atoms (Figure 43). Commercially, the reaction with alcohol (cellulose) is used in the manufacture of viscose fiber this use, together with the preparation of CCI4, accounts for the majority of CS2 manufacture, with lesser... 

The method based on the reaction between 9-chloromethyIanthracene and hydroxy groups of the macromolecules can be used to bond LM (Table 1 LM4) to polymers and copolymers of vinyl alcohol, cellulose derivatives, etc. 

Like any alcohol, cellulose forms esters. Treatment with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids converts cellulose into cellulose nitrate. The properties and uses of the product depend upon the extent of nitration. 

Polyvinyl alcohol cellulose Formal formation Flexible... 

BfR BfR recommendation title recommendation number Polyvinyl alcohol Cellulose derivates... 

Misc with water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, dioxane, ethylene glyco], U.S.P. glycerol, phenol, Very slightly sol in ether, benzene. Dissolves casein, glucose, zein, tannins, starch, lignin, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, nylon, the chlorides nf copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, iron, aluminum, nickd, the acetates of the alkali metals, some inorganic sulfates and nitrates. LDg, i.p. in mice, rats 4.6, 5.7 g/kg, Pham-Huu-Chanh tt al, Toxicol. Appt Pharmacol 26, 596 (1973). 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES colorless to water-white liquid peppermint-like odor soluble in ether, acetone alcohol, cellulose ester, and vinyl resins not soluble in water MP... 

Hydrophilic polymeric supports are advantageous e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, polyethyleneglycol. 

There are many cinnamate resins, including derivatives of poly(vinyl alcohol), cellulose, starch, and epoxy resins. It is the epoxy resins that have found the most applications in lithographic materials. 

Chlorobenzene [108-90-7] is a colorless, neutral liquid with a weak, benzene-like odor. It is insoluble in water and miscible with organic solvents. Chlorobenzene has a good solvency for fats, oils, resins, polymers, binders, rubber, and chlorinated rubber. Cellulose ethers dissolve in the presence of small amounts of alcohols cellulose nitrate is insoluble. Chlorobenzene is a solvent in the production of bitumen and asphalt coatings for building protection. 

Paralikar, S.A. Simonsen, J. Lombardi, J. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystals barrier membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 2008, 320 (1), 248-258. 

C30-50 alcohols Cellulose diacetate 2-Chloroacrylonitrile Collagen Copper Corn (Zea mays) starch C20-40 pareth-3 C20-40 pareth-40 C30-50 pareth-3 C30-50 pareth-10... 

Adhesives commonly used are epoxies, urethanes, isocyanate cured polyesters, nitrile-phenolic, and cyanoacrylate. Only cleaning is required prior to applying the adhesive. A recommended surface cleaner is isopropyl alcohol. Cellulosic plastics may contain plasticizers. The extent of plasticizer migration and the compatibility with the adhesive must be... 

Paralikar SA, Simonsen J, Lombardi J (2008) Poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystal barrier membranes. J Membr Sci 320 248-258... 

---