Alcohol abuse brain

Breese CR, Freedman R, Leonard SS (1995) Glutamate receptorsubtype expression in human postmortem brain tissue from schizophrenics and alcohol abusers. Brain Res 674 82-90 Bristow LJ, Flatman KL, Hutson PH, et al (1996) The atypical neuroleptic profile of the glycine/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, 1-701,324, in rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 277 578-585... 

Breese CR, Freedman R, Leonard SS. 1995. Glutamate receptor subtype expression in human postmortem brain tissue from schizophrenics and alcohol abusers. Brain Res 674 82-90. 

Kleber HD, Weissman MM, Rounsaville BJ, et al Imipramine as treatment for depression in addicts. Arch Gen Psychiatry 40 649-633, 1983 Kleber HD, Riordan CE, Rounsaville BJ, et al Clonidine in outpatient detoxification from methadone maintenance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 391-394, 1983 Kleber HD, Topazian M, Gaspari J, et al Clonidine and naltrexone in the outpatient treatment of heroin withdrawal. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 13 1-17, 1987 Kornetsky C. Brain stimulation reward, morphine-induced stereotypy, and sensitization implications for abuse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27 777-786, 2004 Kosten TR, Kleber HD Buprenorphine detoxification from opioid dependence a pilot study. Life Sci 42 633-641, 1988... 

A post-mortem study on the brains of alcohoUcs showed a modest increased binding for [3H]glutamate and [3H]CGP-39653—a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist (Freund and Anderson 1996). In humans with a history of alcohol abuse, an increase in immunoreactivity toward AMPA GluR2 and GluR3 subunits was also found (Breese et al. 1995). In rodents lacking functional... 

ALCOHOLISM A disease that results in chronic alcohol abuse. Alcoholism can cause early death from complications to the brain, liver, and heart. 

The two main memory disorders are amnesia and aphasia. Amnesia is a partial or total loss of memory caused by emotional trauma, disease, or brain injury (usually due to head trauma, surgical accidents, or chronic alcohol abuse). Memory loss can occur for events just prior to the amnesia-causing incident (retrograde amnesia), or for events occurring after the incident (anterograde amnesia). In severe cases of anterograde amnesia, the person may be unable to form n memories, although recall of material learned before amnesia s onset is usually unaffected. Many cases of amnesia (even severe) are temporary, so that the person recovers his or her memory. 

A kind of (low-dose) dependence may also develop when alcohol is consumed daily, albeit in minor quantities. As a rule of thumb, alcohol always makes people dependent when consumed on a regular basis — no matter what the dose may be. Alcohol addiction comprises (1.) physical dependence including increased tolerance as well as the withdrawal syndrome and (2.) psychological dependence with an uncontrollable desire for permanent or intermittent alcohol consumption, reduced self-control as well as changes in behaviour, (s. tab. 28.1) Alcohol abuse includes addiction without actually being identical to it. Neither the brain s reward system (A. Herz et af, 1989) nor the addiction memory (X Boning, 1992) are stimulated by occasional alcohol consumption. Another explanation for this... 

Psychological Effects Alcohol and Behavior Effects of Chronic Heavy Drinking Alcohol and Brain Functioning Alcohol and the Liver Alcohol and Reproductive Functioning Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Moderate Drinking and Health The Development of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Traditional Approaches to Etiology "Biopsychosocial" Approaches to Etiology Summary... 

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