Postmortem human brain

Meador-Woodruff J., Little K., Damask S., Mansour P., Watson S. Effects of cocaine on dopamine receptor gene expression A study in the postmortem human brain. Biol. Psychiatry. 34 348, 1993. 

Postmortem human brain tissue is obviously not subject to as rigorous control as experimental tissue from laboratory animals. As such much care needs to be taken when attempting in situ hybridization with human brain. In addition to the normal factors such as age and gender that need to be controlled with human samples, other factors, such as the immediate premortem state of the individual, the time taken for tissue recovery, and the storage conditions, must also be considered (for review, see Hynd et al., 2003). 

Postmortem human brain AD patients (n=15) and control subjects (n=15). Validation set (n = 60) Metabolic fingerprinting UHPLC- Q/TOFMS (86)... 

Postmortem human brain Postmortem mice brain AD patients (n=30) and control subjects (n= 14) APPswedish mice (n = 5) and control mice (n=8) Phospholipid profiling FIAa-MS/MS (101)... 

Vamas K, Halldin C, Pike VW, Hall H. Distribution of 5-HT4 receptors in the postmortem human brain an autoradiographic study using [125I]SB 207710. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2003 13 228-234. 

Distribution and Expression of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 Receptors in Postmortem Human Brain... 

As scientists improved their techniques for detecting low levels of amines, they began to measure the amine concentrations in postmortem human brains. Several researchers measured levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brains of people who had committed suicide as a result of depression and compared the levels to individuals of the same age who had been killed in accidents. The suicides brains had lower levels of serotonin. Subsequent studies also revealed that certain depressed patients had lower levels of serotonin metabolites in their cerebrospinal fluid. These findings accelerated the effort to develop drugs that would be effective on serotonergic neurons. 

Li JZ, Vawter MP, Walsh DM, Tomita H, Evans SJ, Choudary PV, et al. Systematic changes in gene expression in postmortem human brains associated with tissue pH and terminal medical conditions. Hum Mol Genet 2004 13(6) 609-616. 

In this chapter, we critically review evidence from postmortem human brain implicating molecular alterations of neurotransmission in schizophrenia, focusing on expression abnormalities of receptors and their associated intracellular signaling complexes for the principal CNS neurotransmitters. 

Lahti RA, Roberts RC, Conley RR, Cochrane EV, Mutin A, et al. 1996. D2-type dopamine receptors in postmortem human brain sections from normal and schizophrenic subjects. Neuroreport 7 1945-1948. 

Chen J, Lipska BK, Halim N, Ma QD, Matsumoto M, Melhem S, Kolachana BS, Hyde TM, Herman MM, Apud J, Egan MF, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR. Functional analysis of genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) effects on 113. mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in postmortem human brain. 

M. Overmyer et al., Reactive microglia in aging and dementia an immunohistochemical srudy of postmortem human brain tissue, Acta. Neuropathol. 97 (1999) 383-392. 

An example of the application of the wide isolation window in tandem mass spectrometry is the detection and quantitative imaging of cocaine in postmortem human brain tissue (Reich et al., 2008 Reich et al., 2010). In this instance, it was determined necessary to develop an MS wide isolation window method because of interfering background ions. Cocaine detected in brain tissue was confirmed by matching six MS product ions with those from a cocaine standard. For the quantitation of cocaine analyzed from the tissue, the trideuterated ( Hs) internal standard was spiked beneath the tissue at known concentrations before matrix application to develop a calibration curve. The MS wide isolation method was then employed for the analysis of cocaine and cocaine-fi 3. Cocaine was analyzed successfully and quantified using this approach. 

It has long been debated if and what role neurogenesis may play in the human brain. Recent data on estimation of human adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus were based on a technique employing radiocarbon dating to postmortem human brains [47]. This makes use of the atmospheric nuclear bomb testings that were banned in 1963 at least for the USA, GB, and the Soviet Union. The time period from 1945 to 1963 therefore introduced a pulse of into the plants and, subsequently, animals, and this... 

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