Alarm saturation

Alarm Saturation. Errors in analysis can result when an operator is asked to cope with too many alarms. Operators often must scan a series of alarms as they occur, deduce what is happening within the process, draw conclusions, and take the appropriate action. Errors of analysis occur when, after properly observing a valid set of data, an operator draws a wrong conclusion or responds inappropriately. These errors can be avoided by assigning priorities to alarms in order to guide the operator. 

Alarm Saturation— Providing too many possible alarms that could occur at one time that can overwhelm an operator... 

Although the pressures that are monitored vary slightly depending on the details of facility design, all pressure detectors are used to provide up to three basic functions indication, alarm, and control. Since the fluid system may operate at both saturation and subcooled conditions, accurate pressure indication must be available to maintain proper cooling. Some pressure detectors have audible and visual alarms associated with them when specified preset limits are exceeded. Some pressure detector applications are used as inputs to protective features and control functions. 

After processing the first 15 rockets, the DAAMS tubes were collected and analyzed. Several DAAMS tubes were confirmed positive, but there were no ACAMS alarms. Determined to be the analysis of a DAAMS tube from the ECR which was saturated with GB. 

Mathis and Smith (1992) pioneered an excellent trap experiment technique for studying the responses of freshwater littoral fishes to chemical alarm cues. Mathis and Smith s experiment, and most of those that followed, used Gee s Improved Miimow Traps, roughly cylindrical wire enclosures (43 cm length x 22 cm diameter) with a funnel located at each end leading into the trap. Cube-shaped artificial cellulose sponges saturated with the experimental treatment were threaded onto stainless steel wire, and... 

Problem 2.20 A tank is divided by a rigid, thermally conducting partition into two equal parts, A and B, each 10 m3 in volume. Part A contains saturated liquid n-butane at 20 °C, 2.07 bar part B contains saturated n-butane vapor, also at 20 °C, 2.07 bar. Each part is equipped with a safety alarm that will go off if pressure exceeds 40 bar. 

When the transmitter fails with its output saturated under-range (< 3.6 mA), the safety PLC will automatically detect this as a failure and send an alarm. No false trip will occur. As above, the transmitter is not capable of responding to a demand during this time so the failure should be classified as Dangerous Detected. 

Das et al. have explored the reaction of MBH acetates with unactivated alkyl halides in the presence of Zn in saturated aqueous NH4CI solution to afford stereoselective trisubstituted olefins. The reactions of 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-alkanoates 220 gave (2 )-2-substituted-alk-2-enoates 222 exclusively, whereas the reactions of 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-alkanenitriles 221 afforded (2Z)-2-substituted-alk-2-enenitriles 223 as major products with high ( -selectivity (Scheme 3.88). The methodology was successfully applied to the synthesis of (2 )-2-butyloct-2-enal 224, an alarm pheromone component of the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoday ... 

In most cases, it is normal to maintain a uniform acid feed for the desired output level and to control the ammonia addition to achieve a steady pH of 8.0. The control system should include an audible alarm and provisions for shutting off the acid if the pH faDs below 7.0 otherwise, those components in the system not protected by rubber or plastic linings (e.g., the centrifuge) would be quickly damaged by corrosion. Slurry is withdrawn from the saturator at about 80% solids concentration, and the ammonium chloride crystals are separated and rinsed in stainless-steel centrifuges. In some cases, drying is... 

Brine from the top of the clarifier overflows by gravity to the clarifier pump tank. A turbidity meter in this line can monitor the solids content and provide an alarm in case of an upset in the clarifier operation. Again, operation and control are similar to those discussed in connection with brine saturation. The top of the tank should be at least as high as the top of the clarifier overflow system. This provides more brine storage capacity as well as time to correct a pump failure or other simple operating problems. The normal level in the pump tank is about 50%. Level control options are as in Fig. 11.3 ... 

Because testing CWAs in the open air is not possible, potential interfering substances are tested in the laboratory at controlled exposure levels. The detector s ability to detect the CWA vapor is tested in combination with potential interfering vapors at the 0.1% and 1% headspace saturation concentration level of interferent vapor, providing that the interferent does not cause the detector to alarm. Such testing reveals whether the detector issues false positive or false negative results. 

Process optimization, process management, trend analysis, alarm processing, control-system design, and adaptive control Enhancement of classical controller performance by sensor failure identification, valve saturation, and process constrains Fault detection, diagnosis, and troubleshooting Supervisory control of simple PID-like controller and startup or shutdown procedures... 

Ensure staff understand the purpose and significance of alarms and know how to set alarm limits to appropriate, meaningful values. Low-saturation alarms on pulse oximetry monitors and low minute-volume or high peak-pressure alarms on ventilators are regular subjects of this sort of error. 

Figure 5 shows the received heart rate valueafter the data is transmitted from LabVIEW. One additional feature developed using the watch is the alarm mode. The alarm mode will alert the user who is wearing the watch if the heart rate and oxygen saturation data of the patient is out of normal range. The abnormal range of data can be set from the LabVIEW front panel. 

One of the advantages of the developed wireless health monitoring system is that the person who is responsible to monitor the patient s condition can do it while doing other activities and be alerted instantly when the alarm mode is activated.. It would also be useful in clinics where nurses can be alerted and attend to the patient immediately when the patient s heart rate and percentage of oxygen saturation is out of the normal range. 

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