Aircraft maintenance chemicals

Method for total immersion corrosion test for tank-type aircraft maintenance chemicals Method for total immersion corrosion test for aircraft maintenance chemicals Practice for assessment of compatibility of bio-materials (non-porous) for surgical implants with respect to effect of materials in muscle and bone... 

ASTME519, Std Methodfor Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of Plating Processes and Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 1977. 

Standard Test Method for Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals Standard Test Method for Pitting or Crevice Corrosion of Metallic Surgical Implant Materials Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Surgical Instruments Standard Test Method for Sandwich Corrosion Test... 

Blair A, Hartge P, Stewart P, et al Mortality and cancer incidence of aircraft maintenance workers exposed to trichloroethylene and other organic solvents and chemicals extended follow up. Occup Environ Med 55 161-71, 1998... 

Blair et al. (1998) performed a retrospective cohort mortality study of 14 457 workers employed for at least one year between 1952 and 1956 at an aircraft maintenance facility in the United States. Among this cohort were 6737 workers who had been exposed to carbon tetrachloride (Stewart et al., 1991). The methods used for this study are described in greater detail in the monograph on dichloromethane. An extensive exposure assessment was performed to classify exposure to trichloroethylene quantitatively and to classify exposure (ever/never) to other chemicals qualitatively (Stewart et al., 1991). Risks from chemicals other than trichloroethylene w ere examined in a Poisson regression analysis of cancer incidence data. Among women, exposure to carbon tetrachloride was associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (relative risk (RR), 3.3 95% CI,... 

This chapter discusses issues relevant to assessing exposure of military personnel to jet-propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8). The chapter begins with a description of various scenarios under which military personnel are exposed to JP-8, followed by a brief discussion of the challenges of quantifying human exposure to this distillate fuel. The next section contains a summary of data from studies that have measured concentrations of several components of JP-8 in ambient air at Air Force aircraft maintenance sites. Studies measuring body burden of several JP-8 components in workers involved in aircraft maintenance are also presented. The final section of this chapter describes how the physical and chemical properties of JP-8 affect uptake into the body from exposure by the inhalation, dermal, and oral routes. This last section also serves as a prelude to interpretation of animal toxicity studies conducted with distillate fuels (e.g., JP-8) that are described in later chapters. 

The only available study in humans regarding death following inhalation exposure is a retrospective cohort study on workers at an aircraft maintenance facility exposed to very low levels of Stoddard solvent as well as numerous other chemicals for at least 1 year (Spirtas et al. 1991). An exposure index was developed by evaluating patterns of use that indicated comparative differences in exposure to various chemicals based on occupation. However, exposures could not be quantitated from these methods. The study did not show a statistically significant increase in mortality. 

Standard Practice for Static Immersion Testing of Unstressed Materitds in Nitrogen Tetroxide (N2O4) Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Aircraft Metals by Total Immersion in Maintenance Chemicals... 

Methylene chloride is the active ingredient in many formulations of paint removers including industrial paint and commercial furniture strippers, home paint removers, and products used for aircraft maintenance. The chemical has a unique ability to penetrate, blister, and lift a wide variety of paint coatings. Formulations of the chemical are used extensively in both flow-over and immersion (dip) tanks in furniture refinishing operations. For the maintenance of military and commercial aircraft, a methylene chloride-based product is often required to inspect the surface for damage. 

Skin can be an important route of JP-8 exposure. Aircraft fuel-maintenance workers may be exposed to liquid jet fuel for more than 10 min, which gives ample opportunity for dermal exposure. Except for chemical-resistant eyewear, footwear,gloves, and cotton coverall jumpsuits, which are permeable to JP-8, there is little protection of skin. Prolonged JP-8 skin contact can induce irritation, contact dermatitis, and sensitization (Wolfe et al. 1997 Ullrich 1999). 

After undergoing morning testing, the enrollees returned to their usual workplace and performed routine duties for a period of at least 4 hours. During the time the enrollees were at work, members of the research team collected environmental measures. While most of the environmental samples were collected in or near the Aircraft Fuel System Maintenance Shop, a representative number of samples were gathered from other locations to ensure that those enrollees categorized as unexposed were, in fact, unexposed to jet fuel or similar chemicals. 

The total cost of material fracture is about 4% of gross domestic product in the United States and Europe (88,89). Fracture modes included in the cost estimates were stress-induced failures (tension, compression, flexure, and shear), overload, deformation, and time-dependent modes, such as fatigue, creep, SCC, and embrittlement. The environmentally assisted corrosion problem is very much involved in the maintenance of the safety and reliability of potentially dangerous engineering systems, such as nuclear power plants, fossil fuel power plants, oil and gas pipelines, oil production platforms, aircraft and aerospace technologies, chemical plants, and so on. Losses because of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) of materials amount to many billions of dollars annually and is on the increase globally (87). 

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