Pollution abatement, air

S oda—Anthraquinone. A few mills worldwide use soda pulping of hardwoods. In such cases, the addition of anthraquinone is immediately justifiable in terms of increased yield and upgraded pulp quaHty. The conversion of existing kraft mills is not as simple because AQ contributes no alkalinity to the process as sulfide does, and most kraft causticizing systems would have to be expanded by about 33%. This conversion is probably not justifiable in terms of the yield gain. The greatest benefit from AQ is for new mills in which expenditures for air pollution abatement devices can be reduced. 

We begin by reviewing the regulatory driving force in the United States for air pollution abatement. To appreciate the objectives of our Federal air pollution control regulations, an understanding of the fate and transport mechanisms in the environment is important. Hence, some general discussions on the behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere are included in this chapter. 

Each chapter contains a section on recommended resources, which includes Web sites. Some of these sites contain additional tools such as software that you can download for calculation purposes or for equipment selection information or financial calculations. Developing a strong library of references and Web sites is important to acquiring skills and staying abreast with the technology advances in air pollution abatement. 

Make no mistake about it - air pollution abatement, especially based upon end-of-pipe treatment technologies is expensive. Not too long ago the prevailing attitude among industry stakeholders was that air pollution control was simply a part of the cost of doing business, and that add-on costs associated with compliance simply had to be passed on to the consumer s purchase price for products. With the intensity of international competition in the chemical and allied industries, this philosophy simply does not cut it anymore. 

Catalytic Converter an air pollution abatement device that removes pollutants from motor vehicle exhaust either by oxidizing them into carbon dioxide and water or reducing them to nitrogen. A typical catalytic oxidizer for auto emission control is illustrated in the sidebar figure. 

Acid Manufacture. Relatively small mostly leakage plus drainings from air pollution abatement scrubbers. Also included are a) acid waters, neutralized with lime or soda ash b) sometimes azeotroping agents such as n-propyl acetate c) sometimes heavy metals from equipment corrosion and d) nitrobodies from acid recovery... 

National Strategies and Policies for Air Pollution Abatement. United Nations Document, New York City, NY, 1987. 

The multiple-hearth incinerator (Fig. 16-6) can accept sludges containing between 60 and 75% water. The operating costs run between 0.50 and 5.00 per ton of dry solids, with total costs between 8 and 14 per ton. Design information is given in reference 62. When the sludges contain more water, fluidized-bed incinerators are sometimes used. Their operating costs run between 11 and 21 per ton of dry solids and capital costs are 15/ton.6 See reference 63 for more details. All incinerators must have the proper air-pollution abatement devices attached. 

Hindawi, I. I. Natural Pollutants in Staten Island, New York and Perth Amlx, New lers as Reflected on Vegetation. Paper Presented at New York/New lers Air Pollution Abatement Conference 1968. 24 pp. 

Monolithic catalysts have found a wide range of applications in the removal of pollutants from air, especially in the automotive industry. Specifically, the demand for large surface to small volume, high conversions achieved for low retention times, and low pressure drop led to the development of monolithic supports. More information on automotive catalytic converters has been given in Chapter 1. Usually, a thin layer of alumina is deposited onto a monolith for keeping the precious metal used for air pollutants abatement dispersed. The oxidations that take place are highly exothermic and the reaction rates achieved are in turn high. Hence, the reactants diffuse only a small distance... 

C. A. Gosline, Edit, "Air Pollution Abatement Manual, "Manufacturing Chemists Assn, Inc, Washington, DC( 1954) 7)F. S.Mallette,... 

ABSORPTION (Process). Absorption is commonly used in the process industries for separahng materials, notably a specific gas from a mixture of gases and in the production of solutions such as hydrochloric and sulfuric adds. Absorption operations are very important to many air pollution abatement systems where it is desired to remove a noxious gas, such as sulfur dioxide or hydrogen sulfide, from an effluent gas prior to releasing the material to the atmosphere. The absorption medium is a liquid in which (1) the gas to be removed, i.e., absorbed is soluble ill the liquid, or (2) a chemical reaction takes place between the gas and the absoibing liquid. In some instances a chemical reagent is added to the absorbing liquid to increase the ability of the solvent to absorb. 

In developing preventive and remedial technologies for air pollution abatement, it is helpful to consider the fundamental settings in which pollution occurs,... 

Air pollution abatement costs Effect of strip mining 1.15 0.73 0.93 0.70 ... 

Applications. Both industrial emissions reduction and indoor air-pollution abatement uses will grow. For example, the development of adsorbents with higher capacity for removal of radon from humid air could allow the development of a one-bed, delay-for-decay system in wliich radon adsorbs, decays to lead, and is precipitated onto the adsorbent. 

Iwamoto, M. (2000) Air pollution abatement through heterogeneous catalysis. Stud. Surf. Scl. Catal., 130,23-47. 

The new Air Pollution Abatement Committee was constituted by the MCA s Board of Directors on September 13 and met on November 9. 

G. F. Jenkins, Bibliography, in Air Pollution Abatement Manual (Manufacturing Chemists Association, 1952), p. 56. 

Minutes, Air Pollution Abatement Committee, Manufacturing Chemists Association, Feb. 18, 1954 (MCA). 

---