Agriculture application methods

Enantiomeric separations have become increasingly important, especially in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries as optical isomers often possess different biological properties. The analysis and preparation of a pure enantiomer usually involves its resolution from the antipode. Among all the chiral separation techniques, HPLC has proven to be the most convenient, reproducible and widely applicable method. Most of the HPLC methods employ a chiral selector as the chiral stationary phase (CSP). 

Orchid Cellmark is focused on identity DNA testing services for both, human and agriculture applications. Specifically, in the DNA testing services are used for food safety and selective trait breeding in the agriculture industry. The patented SNP method employs DNA polymerase for carrying out the biochemical reactions, which lead to the identification of the SNP by isolating the site of a suspected SNP. 

Shenk-Westerhaus method, one particular standardization method patented by Shenk and Westerhaus in 1989,79,80 has seen high utility in NIR food and agricultural applications. This method involves a wavelength axis shift correction, followed by an intensity correction. The steps in this standardization method are as follows ... 

Comer et al. (2) therefore evaluated the effect of exposure to carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) on formulating plant workers and on workers applying carbaryl to fruit orchards with a tractor-drawn air-blast sprayer. However, information was still needed on the persistence of carbaryl in apple orchards and on the resultant exposure of workers who re-enter treated orchards. Further, no studies had been done on other types of crops. The present study was undertaken to determine the exposure of agricultural workers to carbaryl as a function of type of formulation, application equipment, application method, and type of work performed (i.e., mixer-loader, applicator, flagman, bystander, and apple thinners). 

Koestler RC (1980) Microencapsulation by Interfadal Polymerization Techniques - Agricultural Applications in Controlled Release Technologies Methods, Theory, and Applications (Ed Kydoneius AF), CRC Press, Florida... 

The avermectins have been known for only about a decade, but this family of antibiotics has proven to be virtually non-toxic to humans and enormously beneficial in a surprisingly wide variety of medical, veterinary, and agricultural applications. As their use increases, so will their dispersal in the environment, and the exposure of consumers and agricultural workers. We are hopeful that the MAbe and ELA we have developed, in conjunction with simple, efficient residue recovery methods, will fill the growing need for rapid, inexpensive monitoring of avermectins in large numbers of samples. 

Details of the source of the plant, such as country and/or region (also state and province, if applicable) of origin, whether it was cultivated or collected from the wild and, where applicable, method of cultivation, dates and conditions of harvesting (e.g. whether there was extreme weather), collection procedures, collection area, and brand, quantity and date of pesticide application, as required by the WHO Guideline on good agricultural and collection practices (7). 

Dermal/Inhalation Absorption Correction. Since it is generally presumed that 100% of the Inhaled pesticide dose is absorbed, little work is being done to refine this. It has also been shown that in most agricultural applicators the dermal route is the predominant route of exposure. However, the patch methods which are used only... 

This chapter has provided an introduction to a number of industrial (and related) fields which utilize infrared spectroscopy as an analytical technique. This method is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of active and non-active ingredients. The food industry uses information from the mid- and near-infrared regions to carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis. Agricultural applications, such as the evaluation of grain, and the pulp and paper industries, were introduced and near-infrared spectroscopy was demonstrated as an important approach in these fields. Paints are variable mixtures and infrared spectroscopy provides an effective technique for the identification of the components of paints. Examples of environmental applications of infrared spectroscopy, including gases and pollutants, were also discussed. 

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