Aglycones extract

Chiu, J. T., and 1. B. Haydik. Sesame seed oil anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991 88(3) 414-415. Mimura, M., Y. Takahara, A. Ichikawa, and T. Osawa. Lignan compounds and their manufacture with Sesamum indicum. Patent-Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-36,207,389 1988 5 pp. Murui, T., and A. Ide. Anticarcino-genic glycosides with aglycones extracted from sesame seeds. Patent-Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-62,238,287 1987 ... 

The saponins were completely cleaved into their constituents by this method, when necessary, to obtain information on the identity of the aglycone and nature of the monosaccharides present in the molecule. The aqueous solution remaining, after hydrolysis with 10% HCl, was extracted with diethyl ether or ethyl acetate to obtain the aglycone. Extraction of the sugars from the aqueous layer was performed vwth pyridine, after neutralisation and evaporation to dryness [21]. 

Hoton-Dorge, M. Identification of Some Flavonoid Aglycone Extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra Roots. J. Pharm. Belg., 29, 560 (1974) Chem. Abstr., 83, 111099x... 

Hydrolysis by 6-glucuronidase/sulfatase (Helix pomatia) pH 4.5 at 37°C clean up with SPE C18-bond elut cartridge and separation through a small Sephadex LH-20 column (7 X 0.4 cm) Hydrolysis of conjugates to aglycones extraction on SPE (C-18) blood samples centrifuged (3000 X g,... 

Many solvents such as methanol, acetone, ethanol, and water are used for anthocyanin extraction due to their polar character since most anthocyanins occur naturally as glycosides. Anthocyanin glycosides have higher solubility in water than the corresponding aglycons. In addition, in most fruits and vegetables, anthocyanin pigments are located in cells near the surface. " ... 

Glycosides can be hydrolyzed by taking the extract to dryness and treating the dry residues with 7.5% hydrochloric acid under reflux for 30 min. The freed aglycones can then be recovered by serial extraction with portions of diethyl ether. The extracted aglycones are then redissolved in a small volume of a suitable solvent, usually acetone or methanol. 

Glycosidic anthraquinones may be developed using ethyl acetate-methanol-water systems (100 10 10) with suitable adjustments made for polarity. Similarly, aglycones can be separated using a somewhat less polar solvent such as petroleum ether (40 to 60°C)-ethyl acetate-formic acid (75 25 1). Some chosen retention data may be found in a recent monograph [24]. Pigments may be recovered by extraction of the absorbant with acetone or methanol after removal of the individual zones. 

The phenolic and related components present in stems and leaves of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., and Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus L., were extracted sequentially and their activity as phytotoxic agents evaluated. Total acids and neutral compounds were isolated by extraction with methanol, acetone, and water. The free acids and neutral compounds were partitioned into the organic phase, whereas the acids, present as esters and aglycones, were liberated by subsequent alkaline hydrolysis of the aqueous phase. 

Fernando and Senadeera [40] used different natural pigments incorporating anthocyanins that were extracted from various tropical flowers. The extract was acidified to p H < 1, assuming a deeper coloration, and was used for the preparation of the photovoltaic apparatus. The generation at pH <1 of the oxonium ion allows the wide conjugation of the Jt-electron density throughout the aglycone portion of the... 

For the extraction of colourants from Rubia tinctorum (Figure 13.2) roots, mostly methanol, [42] water-methanol (with the addition of n-amyl alcohol in the case of lake extraction)[19,20] or water-ethanol solutions[38] are used. Additional hydrolysis can be performed with hydrochloric acid[8,19,20,34] and trifluoroacetic acid,[42] but also with madder root enzymes,[42] responsible for cleavage of anthraquinone glycosides into the corresponding aglycones and sugars. 

The leaf flavonoids of the cruciferous species such as Camelina sativa, Crambe abyssinica, Crambe hispanica, Thlaspi arvense, Brassica napus and Sinapis alba were separated and identified with the combination of HPLC, TLC and paper chromatography. Llavonoid aglycones were extracted by cutting fresh three-week-old leaves in tiny pieces and boiled in 50 ml of 2 M HC1 for 45 min. 

Fig. 2.112. The structures of the flavan-3-ol(4a — 8)pelargonidin 3-0-/f-glucopyranosides (1-4) isolated from strawberry extract. The letter A denotes the aglycone ring systems belonging to the anthocyanidin substructure, whereas the letter F denotes the aglycone ring system belonging to the flavanol substructure. Reprinted with permission from T. Fossen et al. [252].

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