Aging neurodegenerative disorders

Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Giuffrida Stella AM, Bates TE, Clark JB. 2001. Mitochondrial involvement in brain function and dysfunction Relevance to aging, neurodegenerative disorders and longevity. Neurochem Res 26 739-764. 

Mattson, M. P., Chan, S. L. and Duan, W. Modification of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders by genes, diet, and behavior. Physiol. Rev. 82 637-672, 2002. 

Alzheimer s disease is the most common form of age-related dementia and one of the most serious health problems in the industrialized world. AD is an insidious and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for the vast majority of dementia and is characterized by global cognitive decline and the accumulation of P-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Family history is the second greatest risk factor for... 

Bcl-2 B cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) is a family of proteins that regulate apoptosis (programmed cell death). Apoptosis is a necessary process whereby aged or damaged cells are replaced by new cells. Dysfunction of the apoptosis process results in disease inhibition of apoptosis results in cancer, autoimmune disorder, and viral infection, whereas increased apoptosis gives rise to neurodegenerative disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes, ischemic injury, and toxin-induced liver disease. 

Table 10.1 Selected human genes investigated as potential candidate genes associated with dementia and age-related neurodegenerative disorders...

Citicoline (cytidinediphosphate-choline/CDP-choline 26) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine. It has been extensively used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders associated with head trauma, stroke, brain aging, and AD. Studies in mice have indicated a protective effect of citicohne against memory impairment induced by adverse environments. A human study recruited 30 patients with mild to moderate AD in a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial... 

Kovaks, T. (2004). Mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing Res. Rev. 3, 215-232. 

Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects nearly 2% of the population in industrialized countries the risk of AD dramatically increases in individuals beyond the age of 70 and it is predicted that the incidence of AD will increase threefold within the next 50 years [1]. Finding a treatment that could delay onset by 5 years could reduce the number of individuals with AD by nearly 50% after 50 years [2]. 

Neurodegenerative Disorders and Neurotrophic Growth Factors. Not only can psychiatric illness result if synapses are malformed early in life, but brain disorders can also occur if normal healthy synapses are inappropriately interrupted late in life. Thus, the brain may regress from the potential it had realized and result in various types of dementia (Fig. 4—10). A milder form of this may occur in normal aging, if it... 

Butterfield DA, Abdul HM, Newman S, Reed T. 2006a. Redox proteomics in some age-related neurodegenerative disorders or models thereof. NeuroRx 3 344—357. 

Calabrese V, Guagliano E, Sapienza M, Panebianco M, Calafato S, Puleo E, Pennisi G, Mancuso C, Butterfield DA, Stella AG. 2007a. Redox regulation of cellular stress response in aging and neurodegenerative disorders Role of vitagenes. Neurochem Res 32 757-773. 

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