Agent detection devices

Persian Gulf and similar equipment has been used to Nations in peacekeeping or intervention roles where support the United Nations Special Commission the threat of chemical weapons use exists. Table 3 during the destruction of Iraqi chemical weapons, lists examples of chemical detection equipment by Equipment of this type has been used by the OPCW country and indicates the principle of detection and and could potentially be utilized again by the United capabilities of each system. Table 3 Selected military chemical warfare agent detection devices ... 

The excitation spectrum of a fluorescent material, i.e., the incident radiation spectrum required for the induction of fluorescence, is determined by the absorption spectrum of the fluorescent material, which it often closely resembles, and by the efficiency with which the absorbed energy is transformed into fluorescence. Normally, the excitation spectrum is of higher photon energy (shorter wavelength) than that of the corresponding fluorescence emission, and in sensor schemes this has an effect in the choice of preferred fluorescent agent, compatible with appropriate optical detection devices. 

The detection limit is generally limited by electronic and mechanical noise, thermal drift, light source instabilities and chemical noise. But the intrinsic reference channel of the interferometric devices offers the possibility of reducing common mode effects like temperature drifts and non-specific adsorptions. Detection limit of 10 in refractive index (or better) can be achieved with these devices which opens the possibility of development of highly sensitive devices, for example, for in-situ chemical and biologically harmful agent detection. 

All of these individual detection devices are simple, very sensitive, and thus give a very rapid response. The drawback to the simplicity is that these devices generally do not identify the specific agent that is present, only the class of agent the... 

As stated above, most of the military devices are now available in a commercial version. This section will primarily discuss existing commercially available devices that could be applied to chemical agent detection but are not necessarily marketed for that application. 

The current state of the art in terms of equipment and support measures had a significant effect on facility design. Of major importance was the availability of agent monitoring and detection devices, protective unitorms for personnel, and acceptable exhaust air filters, together with the capability to handle different types of decon solutions. 

Their ability to cormlex both neutral and ionic species has driven their employment as complexing agents, extractants, in chemical sensing (detection) devices, and as catalysts. 

Agent detection, remediation, and therapeutic intervention strategies Sensors and personal protective devices Environmental protection strategies... 

IP Ionization Potential is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a molecule of chemical vapor. The resultant ion is a charged particle that is detectable by certain instrumentation (i.e., photo ionization or flame ionization detectors). If the ionization potential of the agent is greater than the energy produced by the detection device, the agent vapor will not be detected. 

It is essential to have available the services of an organized network of laboratories having the qualifications and equipment necessary for the recognition and identification of unusual and exotic agents. Such services are urgently needed in the viral and rickettsial fields. The personnel in such laboratories should be trained and indoctrinated in those features of BW that may be unique, including the use of new detection devices and procedures for rapid identification of agents, especially in specimens obtained from the environment where contamination is extensive. 

If the substances being separated are coloured, the location of the spots of the adsorbed substances that have ascended the paper by capillary action is easily achieved. In the case of colourless substances, the spots have to be located by either conversion to a coloured derivative by reaction with a suitable detecting agent or by some suitable detecting device. 

The insurance adopted by the British, American and Canadian governments, who had collaborated in their chemical warfare research during the war, took three forms. All three countries at once began work on new gas masks and detection devices against the Nazi nerve agents. In Britain the army requested new gas masks and protective kit as a matter of urgency. The Home Office ordered the production of millions of new gas masks for the general public. 

As the collective filters are overdimensioned, the risk of a premature breakthrough is much lower than in the case of individual filters. It is also much more feasible to install an end-of-service indicator. A popular set-up is two filters, placed in series, with a dedicated detection device placed in between diem. In this way the first filter can be replaced as soon as it is saturated and the agent is detected, while the second filter assures the continued supply of clean air. 

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