Affiliations

The last recipe deserves to be last The Ritter Reaction [not affiliated with the above Ritter]. 

Olefins are produced primarily by thermal cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock which takes place at low residence time in the presence of steam in the tubes of a furnace. In the United States, natural gas Hquids derived from natural gas processing, primarily ethane [74-84-0] and propane [74-98-6] have been the dominant feedstock for olefins plants, accounting for about 50 to 70% of ethylene production. Most of the remainder has been based on cracking naphtha or gas oil hydrocarbon streams which are derived from cmde oil. Naphtha is a hydrocarbon fraction boiling between 40 and 170°C, whereas the gas oil fraction bods between about 310 and 490°C. These feedstocks, which have been used primarily by producers with refinery affiliations, account for most of the remainder of olefins production. In addition a substantial amount of propylene and a small amount of ethylene ate recovered from waste gases produced in petroleum refineries. 

MJNOS5.4. A package available from Stanford Research Institute (affiliated with Stanford University). This package is the state of the ari for mildly nonlinear programming problems. 

If ABC Co. s stake with the toller may be potentially great, look at relationships between the company and any of its affiliates. 

Seller will indemnify, defend and hold [insert company name] (including [insert company name] s officers, directors, employees, servants, affiliates, agents, successors, and assigns) harmless from any and all liability, expense... 

A) The filing of bankruptcy for or on the part of the other party (or its parent organization or affiliate organizations) ... 

If utilities are supplied to the new project from some other source, the cost and amount must be determined. If purchased from a second party, the cost will be determined by contract and can be estimated by discussions with the vendor. If utilities are transferred from an affiliated source, the cost must include a profit to the supplying entity. Some estimators use a lower return on utility plants than on a new hydrocarbon processing unit, since the utility can be used for some alternate plant if the new one shuts down for any reason. However, the preferred analysis allows a high enough utility transfer price to provide the same return on the utilities as the new unit being studied. This can require a trial and error approach, especially if the utilities are a significant part of the selling price of the product. 

There is a wide range of conversion levels. The term maximum conversion type has no precise definition but is often used to describe a level of conversion, where there is no net fuel oil manufactured. A fuel products refinery with specialities may manufacture lubricating oils, asphalts, greases, solvents, waxes and chemical feed stocks in addition to the primary fuel products. The number and diversity of products will naturally vary from one refinery to another. Refineries produce chemical feed stocks for sale to the chemical affiliates and do not have responsibility for the manufacture of chemical products directly. Both operations may be carried out at the same physical location but the corporate product responsibilities are usually separate. 

Chemical and Other Specialty Manufacture A wide variety of products may be derived from petroleum feed stocks, including such diverse materials as alcohols, butyl rubber, sulfur, additives, and resins. Other specialties such as solvent naphthas, white oils, Isopars, Varsol, may also be produced. As indicated previously the respective chemical affiliate usually has responsibility for products broadly classified as petrochemicals. 

Refineries produce chemical feed stocks for sale to the chemical affiliates and do not have responsibility for the manufacture of chemical products directly. Both operations may be carried out at the same physical location but the corporate product responsibilities are usually separate. 

Host organization All companies, subsidiaries, affiliates, divisions, groups, joint ventures, or projects of host organization... 

In another case, a manufacturer of animal feedstuffs bought a starch additive from a Dutch company for incorporation in a milk substitute for calves. The Dutch company was out of stock, so it asked its UK affiliate company to supply the additive the Dutch company quoted the product number. Unfortunately, the UK affiliate used this number to describe a different additive, which was highly toxic. As a result, 68,000 calves were affected, and 4,600 died. Chemicals (and equipment) should be ordered by name and not just by a catalog number [6]. 

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