Aesthetics colour

A vitreous enamel coating is, as the name implies, a coating of a glassy substance which has been fused onto the basis metal to give a tightly adherent hard finish resistant to many abrasive and corrosive materials. The purpose of modern vitreous enamels is twofold, i.e. to confer corrosion protection to the metal substrate and at the same time to provide permanent colour, gloss and other aesthetic values. 

A restorative material can be used for the aesthetic restoration of the front (anterior) teeth only if it is as translucent as tooth enamel. This is because colour matching depends on translucency as well as hue and chroma. 

Dental silicate cement is used for the aesthetic restoration of anterior (front) teeth because it is translucent and so can be made to colour-match tooth enamel. It is prepared by introducing powder into the liquid gradually in order to dissipate heat, although the exotherm is not so great... 

For certain AB cements, used in dentistry, optical properties are important for their overall acceptability as materials. The two particular properties of interest have been colour and translucency, both of which need to match natural tooth material as closely as possible if good aesthetics are to be developed (Wilson McLean, 1988). Of the AB cements currently used in dentistry, the glass-ionomer cement has the best aesthetics, since it has a... 

In centuries prior to the industrial revolution, before the development of manufactured paints, a painter was not only an artist, but also a formulator of paints , thus experimenting with a multitude of materials as paint. Organic paint binders typically were adhesive to the ground layer and also provided a matrix capable of suspending the coloured pigments. Specific binders were needed to form stable films with aesthetic visual properties. In European artwork,... 

The high visibility of water-soluble dyes released to the environment ensures that only extremely low concentrations in watercourses would not be noticed. A typical visibility limit in a river would be about 0.1 to 1 mg/1, but this varies with the colour, illumination and degree of clarity of the water. The human eye can detect a reactive dye concentration as low as 0.005 mg/1 in pure water, particularly in the red to violet hue sector [88]. There is considerable debate, however, about what level of environmental hazard is represented per se by colour in effluent. The view has been expressed that dyestuffs should not be regarded as water pollutants because at concentrations of the same order of magnitude as these visibility limits their harmful effects are negligible [89]. Nevertheless, even though this colour problem is mainly if not entirely an aesthetic one, the fact is that the general public will not tolerate coloured amenity water and the problem therefore has to be addressed and rectified [90,91,92],... 

Colour, gloss and surface texture are critical for many applications of plastics whose functions are aesthetic or where a colour match is required. 

Aesthetics thermoplastics can be transparent or opaque, coloured, decorated, mimicking metal, wood... to appeal to prospective users and customers. 

Cellulosics are appreciated for their easy processability aesthetics transparency high gloss pleasant feel aptitude for colouring and decoration low electrostatic build up balance of fair mechanical properties and chemical resistance to oils, greases and aliphatic hydrocarbons possibilities of plasticization allowing very low moduli to be obtained fair electrical insulating properties fair performance/cost ratios food contact possibilities. 

Cellulosics are only used for aesthetic applications related to colour, gloss and feel. 

Conventional glass-ionomers are tooth coloured, and have a degree of translucency. This gives them reasonable aesthetics, though they are less aesthetic than composite resins, mainly because they remain relatively opaque compared with the tooth itself [218],... 

The diazotype process is an example of a non-silver system with wide commercial application. In general, it is used in areas which require a monochrome or neutral high contrast image rather than a full colour system. For this reason, the image hue is not as critical, except for aesthetic reasons, as in the three-colour silver processes. Diazotype materials are primarily used in making direct reproductions of written, typed or drawn materials, particularly in the drafting, engineering and architectural professions. 

In this category belong the properties that determine the reactions (perceptions) of the senses the eye (colour, lustre, covering power, appearance), and the tactile sense, viz. the tactile corpuscles of the skin (handle). While the aesthetic properties are influenced by the intrinsic properties, they depend much more on the "added" properties, that is to say on those obtained during processing, as is clearly shown in Table 27.1. The correlation of the aesthetic properties with the intrinsic and added properties is very complex and only partly understood. As matters stand at present, they are more qualitative than quantitative. The main aesthetic properties are considered below. 

Loss by wear is dependent on the coefficient of friction, the stiffness, the resilience and the degree of brittleness. In order to assess the resistance to wear it has to be ascertained whether this property is in equilibrium with other properties, e.g. colour fastness and shape retention. If the durability is determined by the resistance to wear, the aesthetic and use properties must remain virtually constant during the life of the product. 

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge was a chemist attuned to the aesthetic side of chemistry. As chemist proper, he produced the first synthetic colour in 1833. As experimenter, his Romantically accented philosophy of nature and his Goethean morphological approach allowed him to generate glorious... 

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