Aesculus

Extraction of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (horse-chestnut) and purification on cation-exchanger (H -form), resp. precipitation with cholesterol. 

Coumarin glycosides are found throughout the plant kingdom (Burrows and Tyrl, 2001). Seeds of Aesculus glabra (Ohio buckeye) contain the coumarin esculin, which is a mild neurotoxin. Sweet clovers Melilotus spp.) contain coumarins that are considered harmless unless moldy conditions exist, in which fungal activity produces the double coumarin dicoumarol. Dicoumarol is a... 

Vascular (peripheral) escin/triterp. glycoside Ho-proHjN HO HO Ho-r°f OH OH major glycoside of escin Flogensyl/ Parke-Davis horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastamm L., Hippocastanaceae, Ang. from Eurasia and temperate N America... 

The report on aesculitannins A-G from the seed shells of Aesculus hippocastanum demonstrates three important chemical methods to facilitate the unequivocal structural elucidation of the A-type proanthocyanidins. These protocols include thiolytic degradation using phenylmethanethiol in acidic medium, oxidative formation of the ether linkage when... 

Morimoto, S., Nonaka, G., and Nishioka, I., Tannins and related compounds. LIX. Aesculitan-nins, novel proanthocyanidins with doubly-bonded structures from Aesculus hippocastanum L., Chem. Pharm. Bull, 35, 4717, 1987. 

Santos-Buelga, C., Kolodziej, H., and Treutter, D., Procyanidin trimers possessing a doubly linked structure from Aesculus hippocastanum. Phytochemistry, 38, 499, 1995. 

The observation that j-3,4-methylene-(S)-proline (240a) isolated from Aesculus parviflora (the buckeye chestnut of the USA) had significant effects on pollen viability, has initiated renewed interest in the chemistry of this cyclic imino acid. Thus, 4-hydroxy-(S)-proline was converted 239) into (S)-3,4-diadehydroproline (239), and its N-trifuoroacetyl methylester was successfully reacted with diazomethane to yield, after deprotection, the desired target molecule (240a) as the major product. A minor product was fran -3,4-methylene-(S)-proline (240b) 240). 

The horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastaneum (Hippocastanaceae), was introduced into the northern Europe from the Near East in the 16th century. Extracts from horse chestnut seeds were already being used therapeutically in France in the early 1800s. Several French works published between 1896 and 1909 reported successful outcomes in the treatment of hemorrhoidal ailments (100). Traditionally, horse chestnut has been used for the treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, phlebitis, diarrhea, fever, and enlargement... 

Lorenz D, Marek ML. Das therapeutische wirksame Prinzip der Rosskastanie (Aesculus hippocastaneum). Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 1960 10 263-272. 

Oschmann R, Biber A, Lang F, Stumpf H, Kunz K. Pharmacokinetics of beta-escin after administration of various Aesculus extract containing formulations. Pharmazie 1996 51 577-581. 

Aesculus chinensis L. A. indica Colebr. A. hippocastanum L. Sha Lou Zi (Horse chestnut) (ripe fruit) Protoescigenine, escigenin, aescine, flavonoid glycosides, aesculine, albumin, fatty oils, amylose, oligosaccharides.33 450 Promote circulation, relieve epigastrium pain, promote digestion. 

Aesculus hippocastanwn L. China Protoescigenine, escigenin, oligosaccharides, amylose.33 Promote circulation, relieve epigastrium pain, promote digestion. 

Clerodendrum spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu Aesculus chinensis L., A. hippocastanum L. 

U. cannabina, U. lobata, U. tenacissima, U. urens, U. utillis Aesculus indica, Cassia alata, Comus walteri, Euonymus alatus, E. bungeanus, E. maackii, Geum... 

Aesculus indica, Asarum europaeum, Laggera alata, Thalictrum foetidum, Urena pmcumbens Achillea alpina, A. millefolium, Ampelopsis aconitifolia, A. brevipedunculata, A. japonica, A. bodinieri,... 

Aesculus chinensis, A. hippocastanum, Typha angustata, T. angustifolia, T. davidiana, T. latifolia, T. minima, T. orientalis, T. przeqalskii Corchorus olitorius Polygala tenuifolia Polygala tenuifolia... 

Coumarin derivatives Aesculus hippocastanum, Tagetes minuta, T. lucida... 

Aesculus hippocastanum, Loranthus europaeus Impatiens balsamina Murraya koenigii... 

Aesculus hippocastanum, Comus canadensis, Crataegus laevigata, C. monongyna, C. oxyacantha, Hippophae rhamnoides, Hypericum perforatum, Impatiens balsamina, Loranthus europaeus, Urtica urens... 

Acorus calamus, A. gramineus Aesculus hippocastanum, Anagalis arvensis, Anemone pulsatilla, Aster tataricus, A. tataricus, Avena sativa, Benincase hispida, Betula lenta, B. pendala, B. verrucosa, Calendula officinalis, Catharanthus roseus, Centella asiatica, Chenopodium ambrosiodes, Clematis vitalba,... 

Hieracium pilosella, Matricaria chamomilla Aesculus hippocastanum... 

This is a north temperate family extending to northern South America and with a few members in southeast Asia. We recognize the horse chestnut (Aesdulus hippocastanum) and other Aesculus species as ornamentals. 

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