Aerospace industry manufacturing techniques

Parts Difficult to Make by Established Techniques These include radar waveguides, surface roughness gauges, and fountain pen caps. Electroforming technology is used in the aerospace industries to manufacture lightweight precision parts such as waveguides, anteimae, and rocket thrust chambers. 

In contrast to the aerospace industry (see Aerospace applications), conditions prevailing in automobile manufacture dictate that pre-treatments (see Pre-treatment of aluminium) should have short process times and be tolerant of production variables. The surfaces produced should retain adequate bonding properties during extended storage under poorly controlled conditions. The surface may need to be sufficiently conductive to permit weld-bonding techniques. Pre-treatments applied at the coil stage must be compatible with mill oils and press lubricants, and withstand mechanical deformation in the press. 

It is also beneficial to use system safety tools from other industries. One snch tool is hazard analysis, which is used to help identify and control hazards in a syston. The technique, though invented in the military and aerospace industries and used in the mass transit industry, can easily be applied to the manufacturing world. In fact, facility hazard analysis is a specific use of hazard analysis in facility acquisition. The U.S. Navy has used it for many years in all of their facility constructions and renovations. The Navy has used it for such things as construction or modification of fuel depots, pier, and dry dock upgrades and for entire submarine bases. 

Composite materials obtained by solidification of alloys have made remarkable progress in their development and applications in automotive and aerospace industries in recent decades. Among them the most current applications are the zinc and aluminum base composite materials (Long et al., 1991 Rohatgi, 1991). It is well-known that the corrosion behavior of MMCs is based on many factors such as the composition of the alloy used, the type of reinforcement particles used, the reinforcement particle sizes and their distribution in the matrix, the technique used for the manufacture, and the nature of the interface between the matrix and reinforcement. A very slight change in any of these factors can seriously affect the corrosion behavior of the material. 

A generation of new aluminum-lithium alloys have been developed recently for use by the aircraft and aerospace industries. These materials have relatively low densities (between about 2.5 and 2.6 g/cm ), high specific moduli (elastic modulus-specific gravity ratios), and excellent fatigue and low-temperature toughness properties. Furthermore, some of them may be precipitation hardened. However, these materials are more costly to manufacture than the conventional aluminum alloys because special processing techniques are required as a result of lithium s chemical reactivity. 

Blood and bloodstain analysis. The Aerospace Corporation has completed a survey and technical assessment of the state-of-the-art of forensic serological practices in the United States. Problems have been defined which currently limit the utilization of blood characterization techniques, and approaches have been identified which have the potential of solving these problems. This assessment was accomplished primarily through contacts with criminalistics laboratories, blood banks, industrial organizations which manufacture instrumentation and reagents for blood identification, and through an extensive search of the literature. 

System safety tools and techniques currently used primarily in the aerospace, weapons, and nuclear industries offer great potential for meeting these challenges. The systematic application of system safety fundamentals early in the life cycle to produce first time safe products and services can provide significant, cost-effective gains in the safety effort in transportation, manufacturing, construction, utilities, facilities, and many other areas. 

A major application of X-ray diffiaction analysis has been the study of defects in metals, alloys, ceramics, and other materials. These studies can be done more quickly and efficiently, and methods have become so refined that they can be applied to defects in nanocrystalhne materials. Although the use of dif-haction techniques in such industries as aerospace, iron, and steel is well known, not-so-weU known is their use in the manufacture of such common household products as cleansers. Diffraction techniques... 

Environmental conditions likely to be encountered by aircraft in cortring years can be expected to become more severe, coinciding with advances in aerospace technology. Specialty synthetic rubbers will be needed for the aircraft industry s future sealing requirements. Although rubber compounding techniques on these specialty rubbers, as well as conventional nitriles and neoprenes, have been adopted by seal manufacturers, much research is still needed from leading rubber and chemicals manufacturers R D laboratories and institutions. 

The aerospace and military communities could also benefit greatly from the chemical industry s use of HAZOP. Of course, HAZOP would have to be modified somewhat since the technique is really designed for process flows. But what is very interesting with HAZOPs is how it views processes. It could very easily be adapted to space and military manufacturing and operational processes. 

Many features of system safety and risk assessment are common to various industrial situations, and one industry can learn from the experience of another. This book crosses various industries so that you can learn the best techniques from the chemical, nuclear, aerospace and military, manufacturing, and mass transit industries. 

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