Obesity adolescents

Kiess, W., Galler, A., Reich, A., Muller, G., Deutscher, J., RaUe, K., and J. Kratzsch. Clinical Aspects of Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence. Obesity Reviews (February 2001) 29-36. 

As noted above, the available evidence suggests that consumption of aspartame by normal humans is safe and is not associated with serious adverse health effects. Specific chronic studies included studies up to 27 weeks duration in healthy adults, children, and adolescents, obese subjects, individuals with diabetes, and individuals heterozygous for PKU. The results of these studies show that there was no accumulation of plasma aspartate, phenylalanine, or methanol in humans following long-term exposure. 

Baur, L. A. and J. O Connor (2004). Special considerations in childhood and adolescent obesity. Clin Dermatol 22(4) 338-44. 

In the United States, obesity is now considered to be a national problem. Many adults are overweight, obese, or even morbidly obese. Even more concerning is the increase in adolescent obesity. The concern with obesity is not an issue of vanity, but rather is an issue of health. Obesity is directly or indirectly linked to a wide array of serious negative health conditions that impact not only the health of individuals, but also the health of our society as a whole. 

A systematic review of nine randomised clinical trials of adequate methodological quality addressed the efficacy and safety of metformin combined with lifestyle interventions in the management of adolescent obesity. The results indicate that among obese adolescents with no associated diseases, the administration of metformin is relatively effective in the short term for reducing BMI. Long-term drug s effects were unknown [22 ]. 

I think it is a mistake to seek too-close connections between the origins of anorexia nervosa and obesity. It is true that patients with this condition often say that their disease started with an attempt to control their obesity, and for this reason parents may think it is unwise to allow their daughters to take adolescent obesity too seriously, lest they are precipitated into the opposite extreme of... 

Prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents United States, 1999-2002. National Center for Health Statistics, December 2004 available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/ p ubd/hestats/obese/obse99. 

Baskin, M. L., H. K. Ahluwalia, and K. Resnicow. Obesity Intervention Among African-American Children and Adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America 48(4) (2001) 1027-1039. 

Obesity increases steadily with age in the under 60s. However, obesity is affecting younger people more than ever before. In the USA, there was an increase in prevalence of overweight (at or above the 95th percentile of sex-specific BMI for age growth charts) in female children and adolescents from 13.8% in 1999-2000 to 16.0% in 2003-2004 and an increase in male children and adolescents from 14.0% to 18.2% in the same time period. Similarly, in the UK, although the figures are lower, the prevalence of obesity in 5-10 year... 

McDuffie JR, Calls KA, Booth SL, Uwaifo GI, Yanovski JA. Effects of orlistat on fat-soluble vitamins in obese adolescents. Pharmacotherapy 2002 22(7) 814-22. 

A thorough search for studies that addressed obesity in children and adolescents in relation to the new antipsychotic drugs showed that risperidone is associated with less weight gain than olanzapine (824). 

Vieweg WV, Sood AB, Pandurangi A, Silverman JJ. Newer antipsychotic drugs and obesity in children and adolescents. How should we assess drug-associated weight gain Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005 111 177-84. 

Type 2, also known previously as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), accounts for 90 to 95 percent of persons with diabetes mellitus.19 This form of diabetes usually occurs in adults, especially in older individuals.35,102 Type 2 diabetes, however, can also occur in young people, and there is concern that the incidence of this disease is increasing dramatically in children and adolescents.9,83 Although the specific factors responsible for this disease are unknown, a genetic predisposition combined with poor diet, obesity, and lack of exercise all seem to contribute to the onset of type 2 diabetes.50,81,83 Increased body weight is common in patients with type 2 diabetes. 

The chance that an obese child will become an obese adult is estimated to increase from approximately 20% if overweight at age 4 years to approximately 80% if overweight during adolescence (Guo and Chumlea, 1999). Patients who are overweight are at a higher risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. 

The effect of weight loss on the sensitivity of blood pressure to sodium in obese adolescents. j, Engt. f. Med. 321, 5SO-58S. 

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