Growth charts

Obesity increases steadily with age in the under 60s. However, obesity is affecting younger people more than ever before. In the USA, there was an increase in prevalence of overweight (at or above the 95th percentile of sex-specific BMI for age growth charts) in female children and adolescents from 13.8% in 1999-2000 to 16.0% in 2003-2004 and an increase in male children and adolescents from 14.0% to 18.2% in the same time period. Similarly, in the UK, although the figures are lower, the prevalence of obesity in 5-10 year... 

USEPA, 2000). Most growth charts have been developed using data from industrialized countries. Less information is available on the growth curves of children (by developmental stages) from developing countries. 

NCHS (2003) 2000 CDC growth charts United States. Hyattsville, MD, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics (http //www.cdc.gov/growthcharts). 

The child had had a normal and uneventful prenatal and birth history. He was born after a full-term gestation and weighed 3 3 kg. Until a few days prior to the incident, he had no medical problems. His weight, length, and head circumference had always followed the 40th percentile on growth charts. He had attained normal developmental milestones for age.There was no known consanguinity between the parents and no family history of similar problems, and there was a normal 3-year-old brother. 

Figure 20-1. Growth chart, weight for length, for D.E.C. Note poor weight for length at 5 months before placement of gastrostomy tube (first arrow) and increased weight for length by 2 years 6 months, when she was admitted for metabolic studies and feeding therapies.

Limited animal evidence demonstrates inhibited bone growth and lithium deposits in immature bones. Therefore, monitor calcium levels and maintain growth charts. For this reason, carbamazepine may be safer in children under age 12. 

Alternatively, IBW in children can be determined by identifying the weight that corresponds to the same growth percentile as the child s measured stature (length or height) on the appropriate NCHS growth chart. For obese patients, an adjusted IBW should be used for nutrition-related calculations (see Table 135-4). 

CronkC, Crocker AC, Pueschel SM, et al. Growth charts for children with Down syndrome 1 month to 18 years of age. Pediatrics 1988 81 102-110. 

Weights of infants, children, adolescents and young adults up to 20 years were taken from growth charts (Child Growth Foundation, 1996) examples of weights were taken with age approximated to the 50th centile. 

Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Guo SS, Wei R, Mei Z, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL. 2000. CDC growth charts United States. Adv Data 314 1-27. 

Calculate the expansion going into the loop. Reference Exliibit 16-15 for the thermal growth chart. 

Body height and body weight influence renal size and volume. In addition, as characteristics of a population may be of value, the data depicted here are valid in most situations, but some populations may require special growth charts (Kasiske and Umen 1986). The kidney volume is calculated using the formula ... 

Fig. 28.6. Growth charts for kidney length and volume. From Dinkel et al.

Dinkel E, Ertel M, Dittrich M et al (1985) Kidney size in childhood sonographical growth charts for kidney length and volume. Pediatr Radiol 15 38-43... 

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