Administration routes cream

Antibacterial Administration route Distribution of the drug in cream/whole milk Distribution of the drug in casein/whole milk... 

For liquid (e.g., solution, suspension, elixir) and semisolid (e.g., creams, ointments) dosage forms, a change to or in polymeric materials (e.g., plastic, rubber) of primary packaging components, when the composition of the component as changed has never been used in a CDER-approved product of the same dosage form and same route of administration. For example, a polymeric material that has been used in a CDER-approved topical ointment would not be considered CDER-ap-proved for use with an ophthalmic oinhnent. 

Therapeutically used types of estrogens and prog-estins are listed in Tables 30-4 and 30-5. Both types of hormones can be administered in their natural form (estradiol and progesterone), and several synthetic derivatives of each type are also available. Most of the drugs listed in Tables 30-4 and 30-5 are available as oral preparations, and many conditions can be conveniently treated by oral administration. These hormones may also be administered transdermally via patches, creams, or gels the transdermal route may offer certain advantages, such as decreased side effects and liver problems.86,130 Certain preparations can be... 

The majority of medicines today are formulated as tablets [1], Tablets are formulated rapidly and economically, and they have high patience compliance. Also, many compounds, such as aspirin, degrade rapidly in solution and are formulated in solid dosages to increase stability [2]. Drug substances that are oils, liquids, and solids may be formulated into capsules, tablets, lyophiles, creams, or microsuspensions. Administration may be through ingestion, injection, topical application, inhalation, and other routes. The reader may consult other texts for discussion of formulation options [1,3]. Formulations are selected for stability and the ability to best deliver the active agent to the affected area of the patient or consumer. 

The formulation chosen for particular drugs is not random, but the degree to which it is critical varies from drug to drug. For example, hydrocortisone is available for at least seven routes of administration, as tablets, several creams and ointments, intraocular solutions, suppositories, intrarectal foams, injections and eardrops. Even newer drugs, with fewer indications than hydrocortisone, seek greater market acceptability by providing a variety of alternative formulations (e.g. sumatriptan is available as an injection, intranasal spray, suppository and tablets). 

There are two main ways by which substances may be administered to humans the enteral and the parenteral routes. For enteral administration the substance is placed directly into the gastrointestinal tract by permitting a tablet to dissolve when it is placed under the tongue (sub-lingual administration), or by swallowing a tablet, capsule or a solution (oral) or by rectal administration as a suppository. In parenteral administration the substance in solution may be injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravascularly, inhaled as an aerosol, applied topically to the skin as a cream or ointment, or, rarely, in the form of a pessary. 

Topical administration to the epidermis of the skin is generally used for drugs intended to have a local effect. This route is of particular relevance to podiatrists and can be used to treat a local infection or other conditions. For example, the use of amorolfine cream in the treatment of fungal skin infections. 

Semisolid Dosage Forms [SUPAC-SS] — Semisolid dosage forms include nonsterile and semisolid preparations, for example, creams, gels, and ointments, intended for all topical routes of administration. 

Administration usually creates pain, anxiety and phobia, and requires professionally trained staff. Topical anaesthesia (creams, gels, patches or simply cold to numb the area) is usually performed to help to manage the pain and associated fears, as well as to distract the child. There is no taste issue with the parenteral routes but the excipients used must be biodegradable imder the available metabolic processes. This can be a problem in neonates as not all pathways have fully matured. Moreover, formulation composition is critical as some excipients can be toxic. This includes vehicles, preservatives or even the antiseptic used to disinfect the surface of the skin prior to injection (e.g. iodine-containing antiseptic that can be absorbed through the skin). 

According to national legislation the label mentions the dosage form (eye cream or eye ointment), the route of administration (ocular use), the intended use, the storage conditions, the expiry date and, for multidose containers, the beyond-use date after which the opened preparation must not be used. This period should not exceed 4 weeks. If necessary the label also bears warnings and mentions that the contents should be brought to room temperature before administration if the tube is stored in the refrigerator. 

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