Adipic polyester

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers have now been available for many years (and were described in the first edition of this book). The adipate polyester-based materials have outstanding abrasion and tear resistance as well as very good resistance to oils and oxidative degradation. The polyether-based materials are more noted for their resistance to hydrolysis and fungal attack. Rather specialised polymers based on polycaprolactone (Section 25.11) may be considered as premium grade materials with good all round properties. 

Polyesters are another important class of polyols. There are many polyester types used, so a generic structure is shown in Scheme 4.4. They are often based on adipic acid and either ethylene glycol (ethylene adipates) or 1,4-butanediol (butylene adipates). Polyesters, because of the polar carbonyl groups, contribute more to intermolecular forces, and physical properties such as tear and impact resistance are often improved by using them. They are also utilized for their solvent and acid resistance and light stability. Relatively poor hydrolytic stability is... 

PVC film Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Polyesters of dicarboxyhc acids and diols, average molar mass 2000... 

Fig. 5.—The partial degradation of decamethylene adipate polyester with small percentages of decamethylene glycol (experiments 8, 13, and 17), or with lauryl alcohol (experiment 19), at 109°C, catalyzed with 0.1 equivalent percent of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The fraction of added glycol, or alcohol, unassimilated has been calculated indirectly from melt viscosity measurements and is plotted on the logarithmic ordinate scale.2 ...

Procedure 6 Synthesis of a Poly(hexanediol-adipate) Polyester... 

Fig. 2. Reactivity of aromatic diisocyanates 0.02 M with 2-ethyihexanol 0.4 M and diethylene glycol adipate polyester in benzene at 28°C. (A) l-Chloro-2,4-phenylene diisocyanate. (B) m-Phenylene diisocyanate. (C) p-Phenylene diisocyanate. (D) 4,4 -Methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate). (E) 2,4-Tolylene diisocyanate. (F) Tolylene diisocyanate (60%, 2,4-isomer, 40% 2,6-isomer). (G) 2,6-Tolylene diisocyanate. (H) 3,3 -Dimethyl-4,4 -biphenylene diisocyanate (0.002 M) in 0.04 M 2-ethylhexanol. (I) 4,4 -Methylene bis(2-methylphenyl isocyanate). (J) 3,3 -Dimethoxy-4,4 -biphenylene diisocyanate. (K) 2,2,5,5 -Tetramethyl-4,4 -biphenylene diisocyanate. (L) 80% 2,4- and 20% 2,6-isomer of tolylene diisocyanate with diethylene glycol adipate polyester (hydroxyl No. 57, acid No. 1.6, and average molecular weight 1900). Reprinted from M. E. Bailey, V. Kirss, and R. G. Spaunburgh, Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, 794 (1956). (Copyright 1956 by the American Chemical Society. Reprinted by permission of the copyright owner.)...

Hydroxamic acids Kieselguhr G (impregnated with diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol adipate polyesters) /-Pr20/Petet/CCI4/H Fo rm/w (50 20 20 8 1) 98... 

Fig. 11. Reaction of 2,4-toiylene diisocyanate with diethylene glycol adipate polyester, in chlorobenzene (ref. 153).

UrethHall [Hall], TM for polyester polyols for urethane systems that are fluid and pourable at room temperature and are based on chemistry completely different from the traditional adipate polyesters. Available in 25 different variations of glycol base, hydroxyl number, or molecular weight. 

Using this (LI) preparation procedure, Stefanovic and Walker (SO) studied the effect of stationary phase-support ratio on the gas-chromatographic separation of trifluoroacetylamino acid butyl esters using ethylene glycol adipate polyester columns. They found that, for certain amino acids, the elution pattern was a function of the amount of liquid phase on the column packing. When 0.5% ethylene glycol adipate was used, sharp well-defined peaks were obtained and all the amino acids listed in Table 6 except cysteine and methionine were completely sepa-... 

Preparation of Cast Elastomers. The cast elastomers were prepared in a two-step procedure. First prepolymers were made from one polyether polyol (poly(oxy-tetramethylene) glycol of 1000 M.W., (POTMG)) and two polyester polyols (adipate polyester of 2000 M.W. (PAG) and polycaprolactone of 1250 M.W. (PCL)) by reaction with the corresponding diisocyanates (MDI, PPDI, CHDI or NDI) at an NCO/OH ratio of 2/1. The temperature was maintained at 80°C and periodic samples were withdrawn to determined the isocyanate content. When the isocyanate content of the mixture reached within 0.3% of the calculated value, the reaction was stopped by cooling. The prepolymer could be kept for a period of six months in the absence of moisture. The isocyanate-terminated prepolymers were then chain-extended with... 

Polyesters derived from e-caprolactone and ethylene glycol and triols, such as trimethylolpropane, have been employed for the preparation of different types of urethane coatings, including nonyellowing systems (88. 89). These types of polyesters exhibit improved hydrolytic stability and low-temperature properties as compared to adipate polyester based urethanes. 

It also has been shown that azelate esters can also be used in place of adipate polyesters in thermoplastic polyurethanes, which also indicated improved hydrolytic stability as well as somewhat improved low-temperature properties as compared to those of the corresponding adipate polyester based urethanes (90). The tendency of polyester-based urethanes to hydrolyze, particularly at high humidities and elevated temperatures, can partly be reduced by incorporation of small amounts of polymeric carbodiimides (91). Alternately, the use of diisocyanate-containing carbodiimide groups helps to confer greater hydrolytic stability to polyester urethanes (92). 

Formrez , [Witco] Adipate polyesters or polyether triok used for coatings, chain extenders, cast polyurethane elastomers, microcellular urethanes, potting compds., enctqrsulating agents, print-iiig tolls, coatings, adhesives. 

Paraplex . [C.P. Hall] Sebacates, adipates, polyester, or qx>xidized soy-betm oil plasticizms/stabilizers for PVC, NC, CAP, chkxinated rubber. 

Urethane elastomers suitable for peroxide vulcanization typically are prepared from a hydroxyl-group-terminated oligomeric adipate polyester and 4,4 -methylenediphenylisocyanate (MDI). A typical structural representation is as follows ... 

Chem. Descrip. Med.-low m.w. polymeric adipate polyester Uses Plasticizer for plastisols, oil filter plastisols, paper coatings Features Exc. rheological chars., low vise. nonmigratoty in paper coatings... 

Chem. Descrip. High m.w. polymeric adipate polyester Uses Plasticizer for gasoline hose and tubing, elec, cable insulation, industrial boots, gloves, and aprons, wall and shelf coverings Features Exc. permanence extraction-resist. oil-resist. solv.-resist. washable... 

Polyester polyol, slightly branched. See Poly (diethylene adipate) polyester Polyester polyol... 

Poly (diethylene adipate) polyester Synonyms Polyester polyol, slightly branched Uses Used in PU industry for mfg. of prepolymers, thermoplastic elastomers, coatings and adhesives, dispersing agents, microcellular shoe sole systems, millable gums, cast elastomers... 

Bitoluene diisocyanate Caprolactam Cyclohexyl methacrylate Decyl alcohol Dimethylolpropionic acid Isophorone Linoleic acid 2-Methylpentamethylenediamine 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Poly (diethylene adipate) polyester... 

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