Adhesives biobased product

The term soy proteins typically refers to processed, dry soybean products other than animal feed meals. Many types of protein products are produced for use in human and pet foods and in milk replacers and starter feeds for young animals. Some soy protein products are also used in biobased products (e.g., plastics, adhesives, paper coatings), and others are being a ressively researched by industry and public-sector research institutions, especially recendy as petroleum prices rise (Johnson, 1992a ISU, 1994). The many soy protein products and their uses are shown in Fig. 19.3. 

Currently, markets for bioproducts are wide-ranging, including polymers, lubricants, solvents, adhesives, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals and their production volume is estimated at several inQUon tons per year. Total production in these markets is in the hundreds of millions of tons therefore, the growth opportunities for biobased products are enormous - so the market analysis in Chapter 8. While bioproducts have already penetrated most of these markets to some extent, new products and technologies are emerging with the potential to further enhance performance, cost-competitiveness, and market share, so the optimistic outlook. 

EcoSynthetix markets EcoSphere biolatex binder dispersions as a replacement for petroleum-based styrene butadiene latex. EcoSphere biolatex binders are based on starch derived from crops such as com, potatoes, and tapioca. Although the product was originally developed for the paper coating industry, it can also be applied in the textile coating industry. EcoSynthetix also produces EcoMer , a biobased building block to synthesize waterborne sugar-acrylic adhesives and resins. 

The natural resins present in native guayule have been extensively studied and include mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpene groups, as well as other secondary metabolites (108). Unfractionated guayule resin has shown considerable promise in the areas of wood preservation (in marine and terrestrial environments) (129) and insect antifeedents (termite resistance) (130-132). These resins also show promise as a biobased renewable replacement for petroleum-based monomers and oligomers in adhesives and coatings. Additional profitable uses for the resins include a natural, low toxicity replacement for creosote in wood treatment and for prevention of termite attack. Resin/lignin products, such as additives for phenol formaldehyde resins, may also prove possible. 

Biobased industrial products Plant-derived chemicals, fuels, lubricants, adhesives, plastics—any and all industrial products derived from biomass that are not used for human food or animal feed. For purposes of this article, biomass is bioprocessed into biobased industrial products. 

Industrial oilseeds are viable feedstocks for the preparation of polymeric materials, particularly thermosetting polymers liquid-phase polymers that are cured irreversibly via heat, irradiation, or chemical reactions to form an insoluble polymeric network. Paints, coatings, adhesives, foams, and gels are commonly thermosets. Biobased feedstocks are receiving increasing attentions as replacements for petroleum in the preparation of thermosets and other polymers due to the reduced environmental impact associated with their derivation (no mining involved, approximately neutral in the net production of the greenhouse gas, CO2) and increased cost competitiveness. 

With respect to the use of biobased sources, adhesive products have been ahead of plastics. They are often called natural adhesives. Animal- and plant-based adhesives have been used for thousands of years. Three prominent classes of natural adhesives include proteins (polyamides), carbohydrates (polysaccharides), and natural rubber (mainly cw-polyisoprene). Three specific examples are starch, a carbohydrate gelatin, a protein and rubber cement made from natural rubber. Advantages of biobased adhesives include recyclability and environmental safety. The latter is an important consideration because of presence of solvents and hazardous ingredients in some synthetic adhesives. 

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