Adhesion Score

In a study on the effect of different pharmacological adjuvants on the performance of hyaluronic acid for POA prevention, a rat sidewall model, was used by Shalaby and co-workers to determine adhesion scores associated with HA formulations containing ... 

Results of all segments of the study were compared with a suitable HA control as shown in Tables 13.1, 13.2, and 13.3. The cumulative adhesion scores depicted in Table 13.1 indicate that NP in HA formulations had little effect in preventing adhesion using the rat sidewall model. The data in Table... 

Active Formulation or Placebos Composition Suture Used in Model Adhesion Score ... 

Table 13.4 illustrates the adhesion scores for the various synthetic barriers and silk control. The P1/P2 gel former alone was the only vehicle that showed statistically significant decrease in adhesion formation based on the rat sidewall model. 

Table 13.6 illustrates the adhesion scores when the modulating agents were incorporated in the P1/P2 gel-former. These agents showed no statistically significant reductions in adhesion scores when incorporated in the HA vehicle. 

P1/P2 Gel-Former with n Adhesion Score ( SE) p-value p-value ... 

Cova CARD and Cova ABDO (Biom Up, Lyon, France) are CE marked membranes that are made of purified porcine type I collagen membrane. The membrane is CToss-linked with an oxidized polysaccharide [139]. In a preclinical study, the efficacy of Cova CARD was compared with that of Seprafilm [140]. Sixteen sheep underwent a sternotomy followed by scratching of the heart surface. When the intensity of adhesion was assessed 4 months postoperatively, Cova CARD was found to have been almost totally absorbed, and the adhesion score was significantly lower than that of the Seprafilm group (1 vs. 3 (score from 1, absence to 3, tight)). There was no adverse inflammatory reaction due to Cova CARD , and the extent and density of fibrosis were small. 

Test Procedures. Coatings were tested by the following procedures. For crosshatch adhesion, ASTM-D3359, a special scribe was employed which had 11 sharp points spaced approximately 1 mm apart. The film was scored twice with this tool so that scratches were perpendicular. Special tape was then placed firmly over the scored area and pulled off. The number of squares of film coating remaining were counted, and this provided a numerical basis for measuring surface adhesion. No squares are removed for a satisfactory coating. 

Security Focus Security focus has a moderate weighting of 0.15. While it is important to the overall goal of this project, these products all meet the security focus to some degree. Nonetheless, the optical currency should have a higher score because it would be nearly impossible to copy. The multi-layer adhesive would not add as much security because it might go unnoticed. 

Company Technology This is about whether the product utilizes the company s multilayer technology. It has a weighting of 0.15. The optical polymer should have a high score because the coextruded film does not require much knowledge of other technologies such as adhesives, etc. 

The coatings were scored (crosshatched) with a razor, and adhesion was determined by the conventional cellophane tape test. The tape was pressed firmly against the coating and then jerked up. If any trace of the coating was removed by the tape on several tests, the coating was considered to have failed the test. The results obtained by the scored cellophane tape test are listed in Tables II and III. All coated specimens used for this test were dried for 2 hours at 115°C to ensure complete removal of all solvents, but a 1-hour drying period at 23 °C was sufficient for many of the coatings to pass the cellophane tape test. 

There is evidence that cholesterol contributes to AD by enhancing Ab synthesis. This provides a theoretical basis for the use of statins to lower the blood cholesterol concentration. There is also recent evidence that the statins have unexpected anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the adhesion and activation of leucocytes which may contribute to the moderate improvement in the cognition scores which have been observed in a placebo-controlled trial. 

Based on its apparent simplicity, scratch testing is frequently applied to estimate the cohesive and adhesion bond strengths of hydroxyapatite coatings (for example Arias et al., 2003 Zhang et al., 2006 Dudek and Adamczyk, 2013). However, the interpretation of the recorded traces is difficult as the test results are affected by scores of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that tend to falsify the conclusion drawn. 

The following scoring system is included as an example of a scoring system that can be used for this type of study. Other validated scoring systems may be equally effective in quantifying comparative adhesion of transdermal systems. The inclusion of this system is not to be interpreted as an endorsement of the system by the agency. It is provided as an example only.4... 

---