Adaptive System Concepts

Snap-shot character of the reliability-adaptive systems concepts... 

If the approach is embedded in a Rehabdity-adaptive Systems concept (refer to references in Section 9.3), viz. all coincidence probabdities (pdf, CDF, mean values) change their values every instant of time. 

General van Riper, during the time when he was Commanding General at the Marine Corps Concept Development Command at Quantico, VA, (1994-1996), approached CNA with an idea for a study that asked. What do all of these new ideas I ve been hearing about - nonlinearity, complexity, complex adaptive systems - have to do with combat Since many at CNA knew of my deep interest in the subject, I was soon asked to direct a project addressing this question a project that has since spawned a follow-on multi-year effort sponsored by the Office of Naval Research to develop an artificial-life model of combat. To say that Lt.Gen van Riper s appear-... 

De Beilis MD, Baum AS, Birmaher B, Keshavan MS, Eccard CH, Boring AM, Jenkins FJ, Ryan ND (1999) A.E. Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology. Part 1 Biological stress systems [see comments]. Biol Psychiatry 45 1259-1270 de Kloet ER, Joels M, Oitzl M, Sutanto W (1991) Implication of brain corticosteroid receptor diversity for the adaptation syndrome concept. Methods Achiev Exp Pathol 14 104-132 Delahanty DL, Raimonde AJ, Spoonster E (2000) Initial posttraumatic urinary cortisol levels predict subsequent PTSD symptoms in motor vehicle accident victims. Biol Psychiatry 48 940-947... 

The human body, for instance, has sensors (eyes, ears, touch receptors in the skin, and so forth), a controller (the brain), and actuators (muscles) to react and respond to commands. These are the same basic concepts as the adaptive systems discussed in this chapter. Robots today, such as the welding machines used in industry or the toy dogs sold as pets, are extremely Umited in mobility and adaptability compared to humans. Yet smart materials, along with a design based on the sensory, nervous, and muscular systems of the body, could one day create an agile and adaptable robot. 

Processes occurring entirely in the surroundings of the system are usually assumed to take place reversibly this is done so that one may set T0dS0 - dQ0 - - dQ. It is then also clear what is meant by T — T. We proceed by a different route, in which the reversibility requirement for processes in the surroundings is relaxed. This does raise the point as to what is then meant by the temperature T. In general, there is no easy answer to this dilemma. However, as will be shown in Chapter 6, when departures from equilibrium are small it is still possible to adapt the concept of an average temperature for irreversible processes this is the attitude we adopt here. In these circumstances we proceed as follows On account of the inequality... 

Railsback SF. 2001. Concepts from complex adaptive systems as a framework for individual-based modelling. Ecol Model 139 47-62. 

It may not be entirely vain, however, to search for common properties among diverse kinds of complex systems. The ideas that go by the name of cybernetics constitute, if not a theory, at least a point of view that has been proving fruitful over a wide range of applications. It has been useful to look at the behavior of adaptive systems in terms of the concepts of feedback and homeostasis, and to analyze adaptiveness in terms of the theory of selective information. The ideas of feedback and information provide a frame of reference for viewing a wide range of situations, just as do the ideas of evolution, of relativism, of axiomatic method, and of operational-ism. ... 

Gomer, F. E. (1981). Physiological momtoiing and the concept of adaptive systems. In J. Moraal K.-F. Kraiss (Eds.), Manned systems design Methods, equipment, and applications (pp. 271 287). New York Plenum. 

Rakowsky, U. K. 2007. Applying the Concept of Reliability-Adaptive Systems to Space System Safety and Reliability. ESA Communication Production Office Space Safety in a Global World. Proceedings of the 2nd International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (lAASS) Conference, Chicago/USA, SP-645. Noordwijk ESA/ESTEC. 

This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of patient safety. Research underlying the basic concepts of patient safety comes from outside health care, primarily from engineering, aviation, psychology, and sociology. These areas of inquiry replace the impoverished conceptualization of error reduction with the more robust concept of complex adaptive systems. The framing principles are ... 

We learned that concepts pertinent to complex adaptive systems offer a better framework than Newtonian problem solving for dealing with the nature of patient safety. This framework includes the use of such tools as storytelling, intuition, experimentation, minimum specifications, chunking, metaphor, and provocative questions. 

As underlined by Ingegnoli (2002), scientists have to avoid two representations of nature which tend to a world of alienation (1) the deterministic one, with no possibility of novelty and creation, (2) the stochastic one, which leads to an absurd world with no causality principle and without any ability to forecast. Possibly, the major incentive toward a new conception of nature comes from scientists like W. Ashby (1962), Von Bertalanffy (1968), Weiss (1969), Lorenz (1978, 1980), Popper (1982, 1996) and Piigogine (1977, 19%), who observed how nature creates its most fine, sensitive and complex structures through non-reversible processes which are time oriented (time arrow). No doubt that thermodynamics becomes the most important physical discipline when complex adaptive systems exchanging energy, matter and information are involved with life processes. 

However, even products resulting from highly specialized materials are only partially needed for the realization of efficient adaptronic concepts. Simple adaptive systems, with a minimal number of elements in motion, are of special importance in a surrounding field, where the protection against shortfalls is a decisive factor and where little or no well-trained staff are available for the removal of technically complex problems. The broad range of applications covers a number of areas where adaptronic concepts have been intensively pursued and partially have already been translated into concrete action. The specific interest shown in a particular line of business is a result... 

The concept of adaptive interfaces has been around for some time historically, such systans have largely been discussed in relation to regulating mental workload (MWL), to maintain an optimal state for the operator (e.g., Byrne and Parasuraman, 1996 Hancock and Verwey, 1997). This approach, which is still popular in contemporary research, is the technological complement to human adaptation in response to workload—when faced with increases in task demands, drivers might slow down, change their priorities, or abandon a secondary in-car activity (Cnossen et al., 2004). Instead, workload regulation on the part of an adaptive system could be based on a... 

Side-view mirror replacement solutions are relevant to ASIL [16]. No general ASIL level is defined in 18016505 2015. In collaboration with the OEM, CAG will adjust the system concept according to the use of the system inside the specific vehicle model. Critical points requiring further specific adaptation to the OEM architecture... 

The evolution of the CANDU PHWR is based on a continuous product development approach. Proven equipment and system concepts from operating stations are standardized and used in new products. The CANDU 9 design, which is currently under licensing review in Canada, is the single unit adaptation of the 900 MW(e) class CANDU of which there are 12 units operating in Canada. A high-level design objective of the CANDU 9 is to inq>rove safety in a cost effective manner. 

The Gas Processors Suppliers Association [79] provides a more detailed background development of the K-factors and the use of convergence pressure. Convergence pressure alone does not represent a system s composition effects in hydrocarbon mixtures, but the concept does provide a rather rapid approach for systems calculations and is used for many industrial calculations. These are not well adapted for very low temperature separation systems. 

---