Muscular system

Reliable correlations were found between lead concentrations in the soil and the incidence rates in the population of Dnepropetrovsk. In the adults, the pollution levels were associated with complications in pregnancy and delivery, diseases of urogenital, nervous and bone-and-muscular system, blood problems and tumors. In the children, the blood, blood forming organs, respiratory system and the muscles and bones were most frequently affected. 

Deficiency of vitamin E is rare it can occur from abnormalities in lipid absorption as well as dietary deficiency. Its deficiency affects the muscular system, causing dystrophy and paralysis and, if the heart is affected, death by myocardial failure. This is probably caused by demyelin-ation of axons due to oxidative damage. Vitamin E is incorporated into chylomicrons within the enterocyte, so that its uptake into cells requires the activity of lipoprotein lipase. 

Major depression is a triad of psychological, somatic and physical symptoms. Over 75% of depressed patients report painful physical symptoms involving the neck, back, head, stomach and the skeleto-muscular system. Not only can chronic pain lead to depression, but also vice versa. 

Pharmacology Calcium is essential for the functional integrity of the nervous and muscular systems, for normal cardiac contractility and the coagulation of blood. It also functions as an enzyme cofactor and affects the secretory activity of endocrine and exocrine glands. 

Asthenia. Lack or loss of strength, usually involving muscular system. 

The human body, for instance, has sensors (eyes, ears, touch receptors in the skin, and so forth), a controller (the brain), and actuators (muscles) to react and respond to commands. These are the same basic concepts as the adaptive systems discussed in this chapter. Robots today, such as the welding machines used in industry or the toy dogs sold as pets, are extremely Umited in mobility and adaptability compared to humans. Yet smart materials, along with a design based on the sensory, nervous, and muscular systems of the body, could one day create an agile and adaptable robot. 

Pyrethroids are based on mimicking the structure of the natural insecticide pyrethrin. Pyrethins are found in the flowers of chrysanthemums. Ground flowers were traditionally used to obtain pyrethin insecticides and used to kill lice in the early 1800s. Synthetic pyrethins were first produced in the early 1970s. The exact nature of how pyrethroids work is unknown, but because they paralyze insects it is speculated that they affect the nervous or muscular system. Pyrethroids are effective in low dosages and are nonpersistent. 

The target sites within the nervous system of insects known at present are very restricted. They consist of the sodium channel, the components of the nicotinic cholinergic synapse and the y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and octopamine receptors. Benson4 (1991) lists potential target sites within the insect neuronal and muscular system. These are shown in Table 3.1. 

Biochemical individuality, which is genetically determined, is accompanied by. and in a sense based upon, anatomical individuality, which must also have a genetic origin. Substantial differences, often oflaige magnitude, exist between the digestive tracts, the muscular systems, the circulatory systems. the skeletal systems, the nervous systems, and the endocrine systems of so-called normal people. Similar distinctiveness is observed at the microscopic level, for example in the size, shape and distribution of neurons in... 

Paralysis A drag with this side effect causes extreme paralysis in the user, who then cannot move and has trouble speaking and even breathing. The paralysis may manifest as an excruciatingly painful tightening of all the muscles in the user s body or the total relaxation of the user s muscular system. While paralyzed, the user is completely helpless and can perform no actions. The user may make a DC 20 Fortitude save to avoid this paralysis, but even on a successful save, his Dexterity is reduced by 6 points and his speed is halved. 

The mechanism involved in the co-ordination of the muscular system is not understood. The presence of a nervous system in oncospheres has long been a matter of debate. Early workers demonstrated what appeared to be... 

Hypercalcaemia can also lead to hypophosphataemia, which has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems, leading to general debility. 

MIO. Milhorat, A. T., Creatine and creatinine metabolism and diseases of the neuro-muscular system. Proc. Assoc. Res. Nervous Mental Disease 32, 400 (1953). 

The muscular system is the body s network of tissues for both conscious and unconscious movement. Movement is generated through the contraction and relaxation of specific muscles. Some muscles, like those in the arms and legs, are involved in voluntary movements such as raising a hand or flexing the foot. Other muscles are involuntary and function without conscious... 

Disorders of the muscular system can be due to ge-netie, hormonal, infectious, autoimmune, poisonous, or caneerous causes. But the most common problem associated with this system is injury from misuse. Skeletal muscle sprains and tears cause excess blood to seep into the tissue in order to heal it. The remaining scar tissue leads to a slightly shorter muscle. Muscular impairment and cramping can result from a diminished blood supply. Cramping can be due to overexertion. Poor blood supply to the heart muscle causes chest pain called angina pectoris. And inadequate ionic supplies of calcium, sodium, or potassium can adversely effect most muscle cells. 

Muscular system disorders related to the immune system include myasthenia gravis (MG) and tumors. MG is characterized by weak and easily fatigued skeletal muscles, one of the symptoms of which is droopy eyelids. 

The muscular system provides movement to the human body as a whole as well as movement of materials through organs and organ systems. Additionally, the muscular system functions to maintain posture and produce heat. The muscular system consists of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. 

Osteopathy Prevention or improvement in osteopathy typical in PBC can be achieved by means of UDCA. In addition, sodium fluoride (50 mg/day), calcium (1,500 mg/day), alendronate (10 mg/day orally), and vitamin D, e.g. 1.25 (0H)2 Ds (500-5000 units/day orally) should be administered. Calcitonin (50 units 3x/week i.m.) has also been used. (113) Substitution of oestrogens is advisable for postmenopausal women. (228) Daily muscular activity is considered to be the most important measure (e. g. regular physical exercise, stretching exercises, purposeful swimming). Every patient should engage in physical exercise as a daily must , because this is very effective for the activation of the muscular system (s. pp 536, 732) ... 

The negative aspects of Mars include ruthlessness, destruaion and brutality. Positive aspects include determination, willpower, courage and passion. Mars rules the muscular system, sex organs, and blood formation. Paracelsus tells us that Mars governs the polarity between the brain pole and the sexual organs, the conduit for kundalini, in Indian alchemy. 

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