Acute toxicity definition

There are four lists of hazardous wastes in the regulations wastes from nonspecific sources (F list), wastes from specific sources (K list), acutely toxic wastes (P list), and toxic wastes (U list) there are also the four characteristics mentioned before ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and extraction procedure toxicity. Certain waste materials are excluded from regulation under the RCRA. The various definitions and situations that allow waste to be exempted can be confusing and difficult to interpret. One such case is the interpretation of the mixture and derived-from rules. According to the mixture rule, mixtures of solid waste and listed hazardous wastes are, by definition, considered hazardous. Similarly, the derived-from rule defines solid waste resulting from the management of hazardous waste to be hazardous (40 CFR 261.3a and 40 CFR 261.1c). 

A general definition of the term acute toxicity is The adverse effects occurring within a given time, following a single exposure to a substance. The term usually excludes local irritant or corrosive effects arising from a single application of a substance to the skin or eye (Section 4.5) (EC 2003). 

In the event that an ingredient without any useable information at all is used in a mixture at a concentration of 1% or greater, it is concluded that the mixture cannot be attributed a definitive acute toxicity estimate. In this situation the mixture should be classified based on the known ingredients only, with the additional statement that x percent of the mixture consists of ingredient(s) of unknown toxicity. 

A9.2.3.4 The precise definitions of acute toxicity of an appropriate species, lack of rapid degradation and potential to bioaccumulate are detailed in Sections A9.3, A9.4 and A9.5 respectively. 

Beck studied the acute toxicity, upon intraperitoneal injection, to mice of each compound. The anhydride was definitely less toxic. Erythritol in doses of 0.8 to 0.9 g. per 100 g. of mouse caused definite hypersensitivity, later convulsions, followed by death in two to three hours. Doses of 1.8 g. per 100 g. of mouse of erythritan produced convulsions followed by a lingering depression, ending usually in the death of the animal. 

Definitive information regarding the acute toxicity of di-N-octylphthalate is not available. An estimated lethal oral dose in humans is between 0.5 and 15gkg, or between 1 oz equivalent to 29.6 mis and 1 qt equivalent to 0.96 liters in a 70 kg adult. Compounds that are structurally similar to di-N-oct-ylphthalate are known to irritate mucous membranes resulting in irritation of the eyes, throat, and upper respiratory tract passages and in gastrointestinal disturbances. There is evidence that some phthalates, such as di-s-octylphthalate, may be reproductive and developmental toxicants. Generally, the acute oral toxicity of alkylphthalates is low and the acute oral toxicity decreases as molecular weight increases. 

Acrylonitrile, 38 Acute, definition, 132 Acute toxicity, 2,4-D, 24 definition, 20 determination, 14-15 focus, 172... 

A battery of tests developed by Dutka et al. 1986 to test the sediments of near-shore sites of Lake Ontario (Canadian part) is used to exemplify the definitions and some results of HDT. In Lake Ontario 55 sediment samples were tested, thus, the set E contains 55 objects. Dutka et al. classified their results and used discrete scores instead of the measured (raw) data. For our analysis we have adopted their classification. Thus, s, denotes the score of the i-th test of the battery. Five specific tests form the actual battery (1) Fecal Coliforms FC , as an indicator designed to control the health state of the sediments, (2) Coprostanol CP and (3) Cholesterol CH both being indicators of loadings by fecals, (4) Microtox tests MT and (5) Genotoxicity tests GT disclosing some kind of acute toxicity and the potential for carcinogenicity, respectively (see Table 3). 

Third, PT-ODN can result in acute toxicities in Rhesus monkeys via complement activation [52, 53]. Fourth, PT-based CpG-ODN account for dramatically reduced functionality and definition of lymphoid organs in mice [54]. 

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