Acutance, definition

Proceeding with the historical discourse, let s consider a surprisingly acute definition given by F. Engels (yes, as in Engels and Karl Marx) written in 1894( ) ... 

Acrylonitrile, 38 Acute, definition, 132 Acute toxicity, 2,4-D, 24 definition, 20 determination, 14-15 focus, 172... 

Toxicology. The acute oral and dermal toxicity of naphthalene is low with LD q values for rats from 1780—2500 mg/kg orally (41) and greater than 2000 mg/kg dermally. The inhalation of naphthalene vapors may cause headache, nausea, confusion, and profuse perspiration, and if exposure is severe, vomiting, optic neuritis, and hematuria may occur (28). Chronic exposure studies conducted by the NTP ia mice for two years showed that naphthalene caused irritation to the nasal passages, but no other overt toxicity was noted. Rabbits that received 1—2 g/d of naphthalene either orally or hypodermically developed changes ia the lens of the eye after a few days, foUowed by definite opacity of the lens after several days (41). Rare cases of such corneal epithelium damage ia humans have been reported (28). Naphthalene can be irritating to the skin, and hypersensitivity does occur. 

These findings were unexpected because previous studies had demonstrated that the y2 subunit is required for potentiation of GABAa receptor function by low concentrations of ethanol [2]. The y2 subunit gene is located within a definitely mapped quantitative trait locus (QTL) for acute alcohol withdrawal on mouse chromosome 11 [1]. Allelic variation was genetically... 

Cooper DA, Gold J et al (1985) Acute AIDS retrovirus infection. Definition of a clinical illness associated with seroconversion. Lancet l(8428) 537-540... 

Adams HP, Jr., Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE, 3rd. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993 24 35 1. 

Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, et al. Acute renal failure—definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care 2004 8 R204-R212. 

Because C02 is a volatile acid, it can rapidly be changed by the respiratory system. If a respiratory acid-base disturbance is present for minutes to hours it is considered an acute disorder while if it is present for days or longer it is considered a chronic disorder. By definition, the metabolic machinery that regulates HC03 results in slow changes in serum bicarbonate and all metabolic disorders are chronic. This means that there are six simple acid-base disorders as outlined in Table 25-1.2... 

Historically, osteomyelitis has been classified as acute or chronic based on duration of disease (Fig. 78-2).2,4 However, there are no established definitions for acute and chronic infections.2-4 Acute infection has been defined as first episode or recent onset of symptoms (less than 1 week).2,3 Chronic osteomyelitis is generally defined as relapse of the disease or symptoms persisting beyond 4 weeks.2,3 Others describe chronic osteomyelitis as the presence of necrotic bone.3 ... 

The initial treatment for acute leukemias is called induction. The purpose of induction is to induce a remission, a lack of identifiable leukemic cells in the bone marrow or peripheral blood with light microscopy. This definition may change as more sensitive techniques come into play. 

In cases of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) owing to cerebral herniation, mechanical hyperventilation to decrease the arterial Pco2 down to 25 mm Hg (3.33 kPA) acutely decreases ICP by causing cerebral vasoconstriction. Elevation of the patient bed also may quickly reduce the ICP. It should be noted that these strategies only relieve symptoms and that definitive therapy is still required. 

This is evidenced by a definite shift to higher doses, as shown in Table II. Acute symptoms develop within a few hours, the most obvious being salivation, lachrymation, exophthalmia, peripheral tremors, and diarrhea. When these are severe the animal usually succumbs within 12 to 18 hours following application. 

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