Activities of the regulatory body

During the assessment process, the regulatory body and/or its technical support staff should communicate with the operating organization to clarify issues, including any additional issues identified by the assessor, and to acquire any necessary additional information. The results of these interactions should be documented for future reference. 

On completion of the assessment, the technical experts should prepare assessment reports that clearly identify all significant issues which, in their opinion, need to be resolved. The assessment reports should also give an initial indication of the acceptability of the objectives/concepts of corrective actions and/or safety improvements proposed by the plant operating organization. 

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In order to assess the staffing needs of a regulatory body, it is convenient to divide the activities of the regulatory body into four major areas ... 

Inspections by the regnlatory body should be concentrated on areas of safety significance. These are those SSCs and activities affecting safety or processes important to safety which are identified as such in the safety documentation snbmitted by the operator or in the findings of the regulatory body s review and assessment, or which are stipulated in the conditions attached to the licence. 

The inspection programme of the regulatory body should include provision for direct monitoring of SSCs, human factors significant to safety (performance of operating personnel, managerial attitudes), tests and other safety related activities carried out by the operator. 

The extent of the regulatory body s involvement in MS I activities at nuclear power plants will depend on the practices in the State concerned. In general, the regulatory body s main concern will be to ensure that all such activities are properly conducted, particularly for SSCs important to safety. In most cases, the regulatory body may be involved in the following activities as a minimum ... 

If there is evidence of a deterioration in the level of safety, or in the event of serious violations which in the judgement of the regulatory body pose an imminent radiological hazard to workers, public or environment, the regulatory body shall require the operator to curtail [specific] activities and to take any further action necessary to restore an adequate level of safety (Ref. [l],para. 5.20). 

In this sense, a major expected output of TC Regional Project RLA/4/018 is to attain the design of a dual purpose cask and its qualification by means of testing a scaled 1 2 prototype. For this activity, an agreement among the participants is the early involvement of the regulatory bodies of each country. 

The role of the regulatory body in the review and approval (if required) of EOPs was discussed in Section 3.1.5. However, it should be repeated that early involvement and open discussions with the regulatory body from the beginning of the project will smooth the progress of the entire licensing process. Regulatory body approval is typically a sequential activity ... 

Operability requirements for radiation monitoring instramentation, including monitoring of effluents, should be stated. These operability requirements should be such as to ensure that appropriate areas and release paths are adequately monitored in accordance with the requirements for radiological protection and the requirements of the regulatory body, and to ensure that an alarm or an appropriate action is initiated if the prescribed radiation limit or activity limit is exceeded. 

Written procedures shall be followed for the handling, collection, processing, storage and disposal of radioactive waste. These activities shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory body or other competent authority. 

Deliberate dilution of material, as opposed to the dilution that takes place in normal operations when radioactivity is not a consideration, to meet the values of activity concentration given in Section 4 should not be permitted without the prior approval of the regulatory body. 

Persons working with or near radiation sources should be appropriately trained concerning the radiation safety and source security requirements of the radiation source or facility. The level of training should be commensurate with the category of radiation source and the person s associated duties and activities. Users should be trained to a level that satisfies the requirements of the regulatory body for training in radiation safety for the practice or the area of use [44,45],... 

The thermal parameters for comfort should be relatively uniform both spatially and temporally. Variations in heat flow from the body make the physiological temperature regulation more difficult. Nonuniform thermal conditions can lead to nonuniform skin temperatures. The active elements of the regulatory system may need to make more adjustments and work harder in order to keep thermal skin and body temperatures stable. To avoid discomfort from environmental nonuniformities, the temperature difference between feet and head should be less than about 3 °C (Fig. 5.9) and the mean surface temperature or radiant difference from one side of the body to the other should not he greater then about 10 °C. 

The use is examined of plastics in medical applications with reference to the US market for additives for these products. The use of plastics for medical applications, which include products and components of equipment, and packaging, is expected to exceed 4 billion US dollars in the next two years, with perhaps double or treble that figure for the world market, it is forecasted. The regulatory bodies governing the use of additives are reviewed, and specific additives discussed include plasticisers, stabilisers, conductive additives, and lubricants. The production of compounds for use in the medical sector is examined with reference to the activities of leading companies, and brief details of product developments are included. 

Counter-regulation in acute hypotension due to vasodilators (B). Increased sympathetic drive raises heart rate (reflex tachycardia) and cardiac output and thus helps to elevate blood pressure. Patients experience palpitations. Activation of the renin-angioten-sin-aidosterone (RAA) system serves to increase blood volume, hence cardiac output. Fluid retention leads to an increase in body weight and, possibly, edemas. These counter-regulatory processes are susceptible to pharmacological inhibition ( 3-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ATI-antagonists, diuretics). 

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