Aqueous Solution Systems

In addition, the average distance that a cell travels may be another datum collected. 

---

L. B. Kier, C.-K. Cheng, and R Seybold, Cellular automata models of aqueous solution systems. Rev. Comput. Chem. 2001, 17, 205-254. 

Glynn, P. D., E. J. Reardon, L. N. Plummer and E. Busenberg, 1990, Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54,267-282. 

Lemont B. Kier, Chao-Kun Cheng, and Paul G. Seybold, Cellular Automata Models of Aqueous Solution Systems. 

Approach to Equilibrium in Solid Solution-Aqueous Solution Systems The KCl-KBr-H20 System at 25 °C... 

Thermodynamic calculations based on the compositional dependence of the equilibrium constant are applied to solubility data in the KCl-KBr-H20 system at 25°C. The experimental distribution coefficient and activity ratio of Br /Cl in solution is within a factor of two of the calculated equilibrium values for compositions containing 19 to 73 mole percent KBr, but based on an assessment of uncertainties in the data, the solid solution system is clearly not at equilibrium after 3-4 weeks of recrystallization. Solid solutions containing less than 19 and more than 73 mole percent KBr are significantly farther from equilibrium. As the highly soluble salts are expected to reach equilibrium most easily, considerable caution should be exercised before reaching the conclusion that equilibrium is established in other low-temperature solid solution-aqueous solution systems. 

Although equilibrium was not established, it was more closely approached in the KCl-KBr-H20 system than in carbonate systems. For example, in a similar analysis of the strontianite-aragonite solid solution system (4 ), it was found that the experimental distribution coefficient for Sr substitution from seawater into aragonite is 12 times larger than the expected equilibrium value. Most of the distribution coefficients for the KCl-KBr-H20 system are within a factor of two of the equilibrium value, but clearly not at equilibrium. Considerable caution should be exercised before reaching the conclusion that equilibrium is established at relatively low temperatures in other solid solution-aqueous solution systems. 

The data reported by van Krevelen, et al. (12) at 293.15°K were used for data correlation of the NH3-CO2 aqueous solution system. The following reactions occur in the liquid phase. 

This schema will be generally true for the ocean but will certainly be less true for smaller basins where there is a greater dependence on local factors of supply and their fluctuation as a function of time. Since P-T conditions are relatively constant in most sedimentary environments, these sediment aqueous solution systems will be represented by activity-activity or activity-composition or simply composition diagrams when equilibrium is attained between a solution of constant composition and silicates. 

Liquid-crystalline solutions and melts of cellulosic polymers are often colored due to the selective reflection of visible fight, originating from the cholesteric helical periodicity. As a typical example, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is known to exhibit this optical property in aqueous solutions at polymer concentrations of 50-70 wt%. The aqueous solution system is also known to show an LCST-type of phase diagram and therefore becomes turbid at an elevated temperature [184]. 

Cellular Automata Models of Aqueous Solution Systems... 

---